HomeMy WebLinkAbout00-632 ConfidentialADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 20, 2000
00 -632
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Executive -Level State Employee;
Section 1103(i); A; Bureau B; C; Office D.
This responds to your letter of November 14, 2000, by which you requested a
confidential advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. §1101 et seq., presents any restrictions upon employment of an A for Bureau B
following termination of service with the C, Office D.
Facts: You are resigning from your position as A for Bureau B in the C, Office D to
accept a position as E with Firm F. You have submitted a copy of your job description as
A for Bureau B, which job description is incorporated herein by reference.
As A for Bureau B, you held a senior management position in which you worked
directly with the G in planning, developing, implementing, and managing enterprise -wide
policies, programs and special initiatives for H and I. You were responsible for ensuring
the integrity, reliability and performance levels of all H J, K and L within the C. You
oversaw staff in numerous divisions.
You state that in your new position as E with Firm F ( "the Firm "), you will focus on M
initiatives at a national level. You state that although you do not yet have an official job
description for your new p osition, the work that you will be conducting will include, but will
not necessarily be limited to, the following:
1. Developing a direction and comprehensive plan for the Firm's M strategy
relative to federal, state and local government efforts;
2. Working with the Firm's Group N to establish Firm policy, direction and
strategy in the M area;
3. Assuming a lead role in developing proposals for M engagements with
federal, state and local agencies;
4. Managing M engagements;
5. Conducting presentations at national conferences and other industry events
related to M;
Confidential Advice, 00 -632
December 20, 2000
Page 2
6. Identifying partnering opportunities with other businesses to pursue M
initiatives; and
7. Assisting in the establishment of joint venture opportunities between the Firm
and other companies.
Given your position with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, you state that you
have asked that the Firm not assign you to any engagements with agencies within Branch
O of Pennsylvania state government. Therefore, you state that your assignments will be
concentrated at efforts with the federal government, other state governments and local
governments, including local governments within Pennsylvania. You state that there is the
potential for possible assignments with Pennsylvania state government agencies in the
future, however, none are anticipated for at least the next year.
Finally, you state that during your tenure as A for Bureau B, the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania entered into one contract with the Firm to obtain consulting services to assist
the Commonwealth in developing an improved process for recruiting, hiring and retaining
P. However, you state that the nature of this previous engagement is completely unrelated
to the work that you will be performing for the Firm.
Based upon the foregoing facts, you ask what restrictions would apply to you in your
future employment with the Firm.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As A for Bureau B in the C, Office D, you would be considered a "public employee"
and an "executive -level State employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of
the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. §1102; 51 Pa. Code §11.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a former
public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to the restrictions of
Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(i) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
§1103. Restricted activities
(i) Former executive -level employee. - -No former
executive -level State employee may for a period of two years
from the time that he terminates employment with this
Commonwealth be employed by, receive compensation from,
assist or act in a representative capacity for a business or
corporation that he actively participated in recruiting to this
Commonwealth or that he actively participated in inducing to
open a new plant, facility or branch in this Commonwealth or
that he actively participated in inducing to expand an existent
plant or facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the
above prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment or
inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money or a
promise of a grant or loan of money from the Commonwealth to
the business or corporation recruited or induced to expand.
Confidential Advice, 00 -632
December 20, 2000
Page 3
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(i).
Section 1103(i) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee to
accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination of
State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 1103(i) apply
even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where the business in question is
a client of the new employer, rather than the new employer itself. See, Confidential
Opinion 94 -011. However, Section 1103(i) would not restrict you from being employed by,
receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a representative capacity for the Firm
provided and conditioned upon the assumptions that you did not actively participate in
recruiting the Firm to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in recruiting or
inducing the Firm to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania, through a
grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania to the Firm.
Unlike Section 1103(i), Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official /public employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does restrict
the former public official /public employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before
the governmental body with which he has been associated ":
§1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for one
year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public official
or employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
§1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting
bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the
name of a former public official or public employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee,
club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is or
has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
Confidential Advice, 00 -632
December 20, 2000
Page 4
The term "person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any
person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence; (3)
submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the
former public official /public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich,
Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body,
constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also
generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public official /public employee on
invoices submitted by his new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to termination of public service. Shay,
Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing contract does not involve the unit where
the former public employee worked, the name of the former public employee may appear
on routine invoices if required by the regulations of the agency to which the billing is being
submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the public official /public
employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former governmental body.
The public official /public employee may also counsel any person regarding that person's
appearance before his former governmental body. Once again, however, the activity in
this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental body. The Ethics Act
would not prohibit or preclude making general informational inquiries to the former
governmental body to secure information which is available to the general public, but this
must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the former governmental body or to
otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with regard
to representation before his former governmental body. The former public official /public
employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities. However,
the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee is or has been
associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or other governmental
body where the public official /public employee had influence or control but extends to the
entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli,
Opinion 90- 00harp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be associated upon termination of
public service would be the C in its entirety including, but not limited to, Office D and
Bureau B. Therefore, for the first year after termination of service with the C, Section
1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before the
C.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Sections 1103(g) and 1103(i) only. It is expressly assumed that there has
been no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of
the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee and no
public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to imply
that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete
response to the question presented.
Confidential Advice, 00 -632
December 20, 2000
Page 5
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation, or other code
of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the
Q.
Conclusion: As A for Bureau B in the C, Office D, you would be considered a
"public employee" and an "executive -level State employee" subject to the Public Official
and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §1101 et seq. Upon termination of
public service, you would become a former public employee and a former executive -level
State employee subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the
Ethics Act. Under Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act, you would not be prohibited from
being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a representative
capacity for Firm F ( "the Firm "), based upon the assumptions that you did not actively
participate in recruiting the Firm to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate
in recruiting or inducing the Firm to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in
Pennsylvania through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money
from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With regard to Section 1103(g), the restrictions
as outlined above must be followed. The former governmental body would be the C in its
entirety including, but not limited to, Office D and Bureau B. The propriety of the proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other
civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
The letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.20. The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by
FAX transmission (717 -787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the
Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of the
appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel