HomeMy WebLinkAbout00-627 OBrienDiane N. O'Brien
Chair, Board of Supervisors
Kidder Township
P.O. Box 576
Lake Harmony, PA 18624
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 20, 2000
00 -627
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Chair; Township Board of Supervisors; Receipt
of Compensation as Administrative Consultant; Private Pecuniary Benefit;
Interview; Township Manager Position.
Dear Ms. O'Brien:
This responds to your letters of October 17, 2000 and October 19, 2000 by which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. §1101 et seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon the chair of a
township board of supervisors with regard to: 1) receiving reimbursement /compensation
for work performed for the township in the capacity of an administrative consultant; or 2)
interviewing for the position of township manager.
Facts: As Chair of the Kidder Township Board of Supervisors ( "Board "), you seek
an advisory from the State Ethics Commission. You have submitted facts which may be
fairly summarized as follows.
Kidder Township ( "Township ") dismissed its Township Manager effective
September 22, 2000. The position is currently vacant. Since September 22, 2000, you
have been performing services for the Township in the capacity of an "Administrative
Consultant,' while the Board has conducted a search for a new Township Manager.
Two weeks ago, the Board voted to request that the Township Board of Auditors
fix a rate of reimbursement at an hourly rate to compensate you for your work as
Administrative Consultant. You state that you did not participate in the Board's
discussion, and you recused yourself from the vote. You further state that you have not
accepted any compensation for the hours that you have worked as Administrative
Consultant because you want an opinion as to the propriety of accepting such
compensation.
O'Brien, 00 -627
November 20, 2000
Page 2
Additionally, you have submitted an application for the position of Township
Manager. You state that you have not reviewed any incoming resumes for that position.
You further state that you have notified the Board that you will not be participating (as a
Board Member) in the interview process and that you do not want to be advised as to the
identity of the other applicants.
Based upon the above facts, you pose the following questions:
1. Whether you may accept compensation /reimbursement from the Township
for your work as Administrative Consultant while the Board searches for a new Township
Manager;
2. Whether you have behaved improperly by submitting an application for the
position of Township Manager under these circumstances; and
3. Whether you may interview for the position of Township Manager while
holding your position on the Board.
It is administratively noted that the Board is a 5- Member Board.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon
the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
It is further initially noted that, pursuant to the same aforesaid Sections of the
Ethics Act, an opinion /advice may be given only as to prospective (future) conduct. If the
activity in question has already occurred, the Commission may not issue an
opinion /advice but any person may then submit a signed and sworn complaint which will
be investigated by the Commission if there are allegations of Ethics Act violations by a
person who is subject to the Ethics Act. To the extent you have inquired as to conduct
which has already occurred, such past conduct may not be addressed in the context of
an advisory opinion. However, to the extent you have inquired as to future conduct, your
inquiry may, and shall be addressed.
As Chair of the Kidder Township Board of Supervisors, you are a public official as
that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and hence you are subject to the provisions of that
Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of
interest.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a).
The following terms which pertain to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act
as follows:
Section 1102. Definitions
O'Brien, 00 -627
November 20, 2000
Page 3
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(f).
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include an
action having a de minimis economic impact or which affects
to the same degree a class consisting of the general public or
a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other
group which includes the public official or public employee, a
member of his immediate family or a business with which he
or a member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
In addition, Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to
imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
§1103. Restricted activities
(f) Contract. - -No public official or public employee or
his spouse or child or any business in which the person or his
spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person who
has been awarded a contract with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated,
unless the contract has been awarded through an open and
public process, including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals considered and contracts
awarded. In such a case, the public official or public employee
shall not have any supervisory or overall responsibility for the
implementation or administration of the contract. Any contract
or subcontract made in violation of this subsection shall be
voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction if the suit is
commenced within 90 days of the making of the contract or
subcontract.
The term "contract" is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement for the
acquisition, use or disposal by the Commonwealth or a
O'Brien, 00 -627
November 20, 2000
Page 4
political subdivision of consulting or other services or of
supplies, materials, equipment, land or other personal or real
property. The term shall not mean an agreement or
arrangement between the State or political subdivision as one
party and a public official or public employee as the other
party, concerning his expense, reimbursement, salary, wage,
retirement or other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment with the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
Section 1103(f) does not operate to make contracting with the governmental body
permissible where it is otherwise prohibited. Rather, where a public official /public
employee, his spouse or child, or a business with which he, his spouse or child is
associated, is otherwise appropriately contracting with the governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body, in an amount of $500.00 or more, Section 1103(f) requires that an "open and public
process" be observed as to the contract with the governmental body. Pursuant to Section
1103(f), an "open and public process" includes:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor /applicant to be able
to prepare and present an application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications or proposals considered; and
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and accepted.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act also requires that the public official /employee
may not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
Section 1103. Restricted activities
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed with
the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be permitted
to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein.
In the case of a three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained from voting as
a result of a conflict of interest and the remaining two
O'Brien, 00 -627
November 20, 2000
Page 5
members of the governing body have cast opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to vote to
break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided
herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public official /employee
to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and
by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes or
supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the governmental
body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the abstention(s) from
conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the disclosure
requirements noted above are followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
The above provisions of the Ethics Act shall now be applied to your inquiry, first
with regard to your proposed acceptance of compensation for work performed as an
Administrative Consultant, and then as to your question of whether you may interview for
the position of Township Manager.
1. Proposed acceptance of compensation for work performed as an
"Administrative Consultant."
The threshold question in determining whether you may accept compensation for
your current work as an "Administrative Consultant" is whether you are de facto
performing the duties of a Township Manager and merely using a different label, as your
letter implies that you are doing.
A. If performing the duties of a Township Manager:
If, as an "Administrative Consultant," you are in fact performing the duties of a
Township Manager, then pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you may not
accept compensation for your work as an "Administrative Consultant."
In applying the Ethics Act, the State Ethics Commission does not elevate form
over substance; thus, the label you are using is not dispositive. If you are de facto
performing the duties of a Township Manager, then substantively, you are simultaneously
holding the positions of Township Supervisor and Township Manager, which positions
have been declared by the General Assembly to be incompatible. See, 53 P.S.
§66301(c).
A conflict of interest exists under the Ethics Act where a pecuniary benefit or
financial gain (such as salary, benefits, and the like) is derived as a result of holding
incompatible positions simultaneously. Since the Second Class Township Code clearly
forbids simultaneous service as a Township Supervisor and Township Manager, any
financial gain or pecuniary benefit that you would receive while simultaneously holding
these positions would be a gain other than compensation provided for by law. King,
Opinion 85 -025. Therefore, simultaneous service in the positions of Township Supervisor
and de facto Township Manager would be contrary to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act to
the extent a pecuniary benefit or financial gain would be received.
B. If not performing the duties of a Township Manager:
On the other hand, if as an Administrative Consultant, you are not performing the
duties of a Township Manager, then you are advised as follows.
O'Brien, 00 -627
November 20, 2000
Page 6
Subject to certain exceptions delineated in the definition of "conflict" or "conflict of
interest" above, it is a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act for a
public official /public employee to use the authority of public office /employment or
confidential information received by holding such a public position for the private
pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his
immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
Since you are already holding the position of "Administrative Consultant," any
related actions which you may have taken as a public official in obtaining that work would
obviously constitute past conduct, the propriety or impropriety of which could not be
determined in this Advice. However, since you have not accepted compensation for this
work pending an advisory as to the propriety of your conduct, there is still future conduct
which may be addressed.
You are advised that to the extent you have used the authority of office or
confidential information received by being in your public position to obtain the work as
Administrative Consultant, your acceptance of compensation for such work would
complete the elements for a conflict of interest in contravention of Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act. Examples of such "uses of authority of office" could include: participating as
to setting the necessary qualifications of the Administrative Consultant; advocating the
selection of yourself or the rejection of competitors; and participating in the
vote /authorization to select yourself for the work.
On the other hand, if you have not used the authority of office or confidential
information received by being in your public position relative to working for the Township
as an Administrative Consultant, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not preclude
your acceptance of compensation for the latter.
To the extent the requirements of Section 1103(f) would be applicable, the
requirements of that Section would have to have been satisfied in order for you to accept
compensation as an Administrative Consultant for the Township.
Similarly, there is a provision in the Second Class Township Code, 53 P.S.
�
68102(i), which may have some relevance to your situation. Since the State Ethics
Commission does not have jurisdiction to interpret the Second Class Township Code, it is
recommended that you obtain legal advice in that regard.
2. Questions pertaining to the position of Township Manager.
Turning to your questions involving the position of Township Manager, you first
ask whether you have behaved improperly by submitting an application for the position of
Township Manager under the facts which you have submitted. That particular question
pertains exclusively to past conduct and may not be addressed in this Advice.
Your final question is whether you may interview for the position of Township
Manager while holding your position on the Board. You are advised as follows.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not expressly prohibit a Township
Supervisor from interviewing for the position of Township Manager.
However, as in the analysis immediately above, if you have used or would use the
authority of your office or confidential information received by being in your public position
to obtain the work as Township Manager, your acceptance of compensation for such
work would complete the elements for a conflict of interest in contravention of Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Examples of such "uses of authority of office" could include:
uses of authority of office such as those listed in the analysis above to get the work of
Administrative Consultant, thereby gaining an advantage over competitors for the position
O'Brien, 00 -627
November 20, 2000
Page 7
of Township Manager; participating as to setting the necessary qualifications of the
Township Manager; advocating the selection of yourself or the rejection of competitors;
and participating in the vote /authorization to select yourself for the position of Township
Manager.
On the other hand, if you have not used and would not use the authority of your
office or confidential information received by being in your public position to obtain the
work as Township Manager, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not preclude your
acceptance of that position. Of course, in that event, you would have to resign from your
position as a Township Supervisor due to the aforesaid statutory incompatibility of the
two positions. 53 P.S. §66301.
To the extent the requirements of Section 1103(f) would be applicable, the
requirements of that Section would have to be satisfied in order for you to accept the
position of Township Manager. Again, it is recommended that you obtain legal advice
regarding the provision of the Second Class Township Code at 53 P.S. §68102(i), which
may have some relevance to this aspect of your inquiry.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a Member and the Chair of the Kidder Township Board of
Supervisors ( "Board "), you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Act (`Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §1101 et seq. To the extent
you have inquired as to conduct which has already occurred, such past conduct is not
addressed in the context of this Advice. To the extent you have inquired as to future
conduct, your inquiry is addressed.
1. Proposed acceptance of compensation for work performed as an
"Administrative Consultant."
A. If performing the duties of a Township Manager:
If, as an "Administrative Consultant," you are in fact performing the duties of a
Township Manager, then pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you may not
accept compensation for your work as an "Administrative Consultant." Substantively, you
would be simultaneously holding the positions of Township Supervisor and Township
Manager, which positions have been declared by the General Assembly to be
incompatible. See, 53 P.S. §66301(c). Simultaneous service in the positions of
Township Supervisor and de facto Township Manager would be contrary to Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act to the extent a pecuniary benefit or financial gain would be
received.
B. If not performing the duties of a Township Manager:
If as an Administrative Consultant, you are not performing the duties of a
Township Manager, then you are advised as follows.
To the extent you have used the authority of office or confidential information
received by being in your public position to obtain the work as Administrative Consultant,
your acceptance of compensation for such work would complete the elements for a
conflict of interest in contravention of Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Examples of
such "uses of authority of office" could include: participating as to setting the necessary
qualifications of the Administrative Consultant; advocating the selection of yourself or the
rejection of competitors; and participating in the vote /authorization to select yourself for
the work.
O'Brien, 00 -627
November 20, 2000
Page 8
If you have not used the authority of office or confidential information received by
being in your public position relative to working for the Township as an Administrative
Consultant, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not preclude your acceptance of
compensation for the latter.
To the extent the requirements of Section 1103(f) would be applicable, the
requirements of that Section would have to have been satisfied in order for you to accept
compensation as an Administrative Consultant for the Township.
2. Questions pertaining to the position of Township Manager.
The question of whether you have behaved improperly by submitting an
application for the position of Township Manager under the facts which you have
submitted pertains exclusively to past conduct and is not addressed in this Advice.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not expressly prohibit a Township
Supervisor from interviewing for the position of Township Manager.
If you have used or would use the authority of your office or confidential
information received by being in your public position to obtain the work as Township
Manager, your acceptance of compensation for such work would complete the elements
for a conflict of interest in contravention of Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Examples
of such "uses of authority of office" could include: uses of authority of office to get the
work of Administrative Consultant, thereby gaining an advantage over competitors for the
position of Township Manager; participating as to setting the necessary qualifications of
the Township Manager; advocating the selection of yourself or the rejection of
competitors; and participating in the vote /authorization to select yourself for the position
of Township Manager.
If you have not used and would not use the authority of your office or confidential
information received by being in your public position to obtain the work as Township
Manager, Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would not preclude your acceptance of that
position. In that event, you would have to resign from your position as a Township
Supervisor due to the aforesaid statutory incompatibility of the two positions. 53 P.S.
§66301.
To the extent the requirements of Section 1103(f) would be applicable, the
requirements of that Section would have to be satisfied in order for you to accept the
position of Township Manager.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct
in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
O'Brien, 00 -627
November 20, 2000
Page 9
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.20. The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel