HomeMy WebLinkAbout630-R Braszos
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
317 E. 10th Avenue
Homestead, PA 15120
Re: 86 -144 -C
Dear Ms. Braszo:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
ORDER OF THE COMMISSION
Order No. 630-R
Date Decided: February 22, 1989
Date Mailed: March 7, 1989
The State Ethics Commission has received a complaint
regarding you and a possible violation of Act 170 of 1978. The
Commission has now completed its investigation. On July 13,
1988, a hearing on the matter was conducted and relevant evidence
and testimony was presented. Depositions were also taken on
August 16, 1988. The individual allegations, conclusions, and
findings on which those conclusions are based are as follows:
I. Allegation: That you, a Homestead Borough Councilperson,
violated Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act which prohibits a public
employee's or public official's use of office or confidential
information gained through that office to obtain financial gain,
in that you voted at the June, 1986 council meeting to transfer
funds from the Borough General Fund to the Borough Community
Development account to help repay monies that you received from a
HUD grant that was subsequently disallowed by HUD.
A. Findings:
1. The parties have entered into the following Stipulation of
Findings which is incorporated and adopted as part of the
findings of the Commission:
(1). Respondent Marilyn Braszo serve (sic) as an elected
councilperson for Homestead Borough, Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania.
a. Respondent has served in this position since January,
1984.
b. Respondent's husband, Ivan Braszo was a public official
for Homestead Borough from 1976 until December, 1981.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 2
(2). In 1976, Homestead Borough initiated a Grant Participation
Program, the Home Loan Improvement Program, for the purpose of
allocating property rehabilitation funds to eligible applicants.
This program was part of a broader federal program initiated in
Homestead Borough in 1975 under the provisions of the Housing and
Community Development Act of 1974, P.L. 93 -383. The Program was
referred to by various terms (including the more expansive
"Hold- Harmless" Community Program, and Community Development
Block Grant (CDBG) Program, as well as the Community Preservation
Home Improvement Loan Program, "312 Loan Program ", and the Home
Improvement and Loan Program).
a. Minutes of the Borough Council meeting of May 14, 1976
indicate that a motion to adopt a resolution for the
Homestead Community Preservation Home Improvement Loan
Program and permitting the Borough to financially
assist qualified homeowners, was presented and
approved.
b. The financial -
assistance t o m be `provided - u nde - the `
Program (i.e., grants) was designed to supplement home
improvement funds provided by the owner. The funds
provided by the owner could be from a loan with a local
__ private financial institution or personal savings.
c. ItVwas further decided at that meeting + that a special
public council meeting would be conducted on May 28 to
finalize the loan program and to establish a date for
distribution of program applications.
d. It was further decided to advertise for the position of
loan secretary for the program.
e. Members present at this meeting were Hickey, Little,
Washington, Sullivan, Ivan Braszo, Harvey, and Mayor
Armstrong. Members absent: Koval and Aber.
(3). The resolution of council passed on May 14, 1976 provided
in part that the borough allocated $150,000 for purposes of the
Homeowner Loan Fund and administration in its first year
community development budget submitted to the United States
Department of Housing and Urban Development, and that such was
approved by H.U.D. The First -Year Community Development Budget
had been submitted by the Borough to HUD on April 15, 1975, and
was thereupon approved by HUD.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 3
a. Pursuant to this resolution, the borough manager was
authorized to execute agreements with eligible
homeowners to supplement home improvement loans secured
through a lending source.
b. The financial assistance for eligible homeowners was to
be in the nature of grants which would supplement home
improvement loans secured through a lending source by
the homeowners.
(4). Minutes of the borough council reflect that on May 28,
1976, a special meeting of council was held to finalize the loan
program and establish a date for the distribution of
applications. The motion was carried to accept the schedule of
major implementation activities for the loan program- regular
loans. Members Present: Joseph, Hickey, Aber, Ivan Braszo,
Harvey. Absent: Koval, Sullivan, Little, Washington, and Mayor
Armstrong.
a. At the June 11, 1976 meeting, Nadine Thomas was hired
to assist in administering the Hold- Harmless Program.
She was to work under the supervision of Henry Smith,
coordinator of Better Community Services, Inc., and
William Macosky, Jr., Borough Manager. Better -
Community Services, Inc. was the original independent
consultant involved in administering the Irogrd;,a.
(5). Minutes of the borough council reflect that on August 13,
1976, on motion of Mr. Little, Better Community Services
Incorporated was assigned the additional work of preparing and
submitting 312 loan program applications to H.U.D. on behalf of
the Borough, at a cost not to exceed $3,300.
a. The motion by Mr. Little was made on the recommendation
of Henry Smith, the Community Development consultant,
to have Better Community Services, Inc., prepare and
submit such loan applications.
b. At this meeting, Ivan Braszo was appointed to the
Office of Borough Mayor.
(6). Records of Homestead Borough reflect the following:
a. On June 10, 1976, Ivan Braszo submitted a homeowner's
application for a grant through the community
Preservation Home Improvement Program.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 4
b. As set forth on the application proceeds of proposed
private loan and the financial assistance from the
Borough were to be used to improve the roof and several
windows (at the Braszo house on 330 East Tenth Avenue)
at a total estimated cost of $3,000.00.
c. The application was received by the Borough on June 15,
1976 and recorded on the financial assistance
commitment list on June 21, 1976 for an amount of
$3,769.00.
d. By letter of August 6, 1976 from Nadine Thomas, the
Home Improvement and Loan Program secretary, Ivan
Braszo was notified that a Borough representative, John
A. Grove, Jr., Registered Architect, had reviewed the
possible home improvement work for Mr. Braszo on July
12, 1976 and estimated that the "required work," i.e.,
improvements needed to meet the Borough's criteria for
the Program, and the "desired work," i.e., improvements
desired by the homeowner but not considered to be
"required work items," ranged in total cost form (sic)
$4,150.00 to $5,675.00. The second page of the letter
included information about an assumed monthly payment
range for the private loan, and also set forth the
steps that had to be taken by the homeowner to further
the application for the financial assistance -frcm th
Borough. It indicated that the next step was for the
homeowner to contact a local bank of choice and to make
an application for the private loan which was a
prerequisite for this work. The repayment period for
the loan was to be mutually determined by the homeowner
and the bank. Upon approval of the loan by the bank,
the homeowner was to contact the Borough representative
so that bids on the work could be obtained and
approved, the private loan could then be finalized,
the financial assistance could be provided by the
borough, and the actual home improvement work could
begin.
e. Bids for seven new windows, a new door an (sic) a roof
were approved in the total amount of $6,690.00, with
Shrager's and Tri -State Windows and Construction
company (Raymond Gross) being the successful bidders.
f. By letter dated October 20, 1976 from William Macosky,
Jr., Borough Manager, to Mr. Ivan Braszo confirmation
was given that the Borough would provide financial
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 5
improvements "as determined and /or required by the
Borough Architectural Representative" and in line with
the actual bids. The financial assistance payment was
calculated on the basis of a low bid of $6,690.00 and
the repayment period for the private loan was to be
eight years. Mr. Braszo was instructed to contact the
bank of his choice and make an application for a loan
in the amount of $4,459.00, which would represent the
difference of the bid price and the subsidy to be
provided by the Borough. Mr. Braszo was further
instructed to provide Ms. Thomas with evidence of bank
approval so that the financial assistance payment could
be processed.
g. On October 26, 1986 (sic), the financial assistance
agreement listing Ivan and Marilyn Braszo as parties
was and signed by Ivan Braszo, a borough official
William Macosky and a program representative Nadine
Thomas. The financial assistance was a grant not
subject to_ repayment:
(i) Respondent Marilyn Braszo did not sign this
agreement.
(ii) Both the homeowner and the municipality agree to
comply with all HUD requirements.
h. On October 29, 1976, Mr. Macosky issued a $2,231 check
from CDBG Program account to the "Homestead Home
Improvement Loan Program Escrow Account." The check
stub was annotated "... Financial Assistance from
Borough for Ivan R. Braszo." Said check was deposited
into the "Escrow Account" on October 29, 1976 after
private loan proceeds from Pittsburgh National Bank in
the amount of $4,459 had been deposited into said
account on October 27, 1976.
i. Thereafter, three checks from said Escrow Account were
issued as follows to bring the individual account
balance to zero:
(i) A November 19, 1976 check in the amount of $3,594,
drawn by Mr. Macosky, made payable to "Ivan Braszo
and Tri -State Window . . . ," endorsed by same;
(ii) A December 14, 1976 check in the amount of $2,396,
Tar . to "Ivan R.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 6
Braszo and Tri -State Window . . .," and endorsed
by same; and
(iii) A January 14, 1977 check in the amount of
$700, drawn by Mr. Macosky, made payable to
"Ivan R. Braszo and Shrager's," and endorsed
by Harry Srager.
(7). An audit report dated June 6, 1983 prepared by Robert
Tomasic relating to the Homestead Community Development Block
Grant Program was submitted to the Mayor Steven Simko and borough
council.
a. Council minutes reflect that the audit underlying the
report had commenced in or before early 1980.
b. The audit found that unnamed members of council applied
for and received grants amounting to $6,159.00 under
the program without HUD approval of a request for
waiver.
c. The audit also found that - "These costs are questioned
because the Borough failed to follow HUD guidelines,"
recommended that - "The Borough should apply for the
necessary waivers," and indicated the "Grantee's
Response" to the finding and recommendation that - "The
Borough appointed consultants to administer the Grant
Programs and to comply with all appropriate
regulations.
(8). A September 11, 1984 letter to Borough Council President,
George Buckner, from HUD notes the disallowed costs allocated to
the borough officials and requests information on the program.
a. The letter specifically seeks to determine if the
program is a rehabilitation loan program, a grant
program or a loan /grant program.
b. This letter reiterated Finding No. 1 of the audit
report. Members of Borough Council applied for and
received grants amounting to $6,159 under the Borough's
Rehabilitation Program without requesting a waiver from
HUD.
c. The letter sought identification of subject council
members and itemization of grant amounts.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 7
(9). By letter dated October 26, 1984, from Louis Pastor,
Homestead Borough Consultant to John Pisano, HUD, Regional
Manager, the Borough responded to the audit findings:
a. Finding No. 1:
Ivan Braszo, Mayor (Deceased)
317 10th Avenue $2,756 (sic)
David Aber, Councilman $3,284
135 East 17th Street
Joseph Little, Councilman
126 West 10th Street 119
$6,159
(10). By letter dated November 26, 1984 to Mr. Buckner from HUD,
it is noted that the audit report stated that council members
received grants while the borough response of September 11, 1984
indicates that the borough officials received rehabilitation
loans.
a. The letter requests the outstanding balance on each
loan.
(11). An undated letter to John E. Pisano, Deputy Manager, HUD
from Louis Pastor, Borough Consultant, identifies the allocations
to the borough officials as a grants (sic) and further suggests
that HUD should recover' funds directly from the-officials.
(12). By letter dated December 19, 1984 to John E. Pisano, HUD,
from Louis Pastor, Borough Consultant, HUD was advised that "the
members of council received grants."
13). By letter dated January 15, 1985 to Mr. Buckner, HUD
notified the borough that the $6,159 in rehabilitation grants
allocated to the Borough officials was an ineligible expenditure
which must be payable to HUD from non - federal funds. A check
made payable to HUD was requested.
a. This letter also notes that a borough letter dated
November 24, 1984 also indicates that in addition to
the above amounts, the officials also received private
loans which did not involve HUD finding.
b. The letter further noted that, "With regard to your
last statement contained in your letter of December 19,
1984, which states that the individuals responsible for
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 8
of the Borough, or consultants for the Borough, the
CDBG grant was awarded to the Borough of Homestead.
Therefore, it is the responsibility of Borough
officials (current or future) to resolve the
deficiencies contained in the audit report.
(14). By correspondence dated March 28, 1985, to Mr. Buckner,
HUD noted as follows:
a. "We disagree with your position regarding the $6,159
claim established against the Borough. As indicated in
our letter of January 15, 1985, the CDBG grant was
awarded to the Borough; therefore, it is the
responsibility of Borough officials (current or future)
to resolve the deficiencies contained in the audit
report. To resolve the $6,159 claim, the CD account
must be reimbursed $6,159 from non - Federal funds."
(15). By letter dated April 8, 1985 to Bruce Crawford, HUD,
Director of Community Planning, Louis Pastor requested that
Homestead Borough be given credit or be permitted to reimburse
its General Fund from the CD fund for expenditures made
previously that would be considered Community Development Program
activities. If this was not possible, Pastor's letter also
requested an opportunity to submit prospective CD activities for
expending these monies.
a. By letter dated May 10, 1985 to HUD, George Buckner
advised that at an executive session council of May 7,
1985 eligible CDBG activities were discussed. If
approved, the Borough would place manholes in key
locations to update the borough sewer systems.
b. By letter dated May 29, 1985, HUD responded by stating
that use of local funds to update borough's sewer
system is an eligible CDBG activity and can be
substituted for the disallowed costs.
(16). By letter dated August 2, 1985, to HUD, Charles
McCullough, Homestead Borough Solicitor inter alia requested
information regarding a public official receiving a grant and
whether some form of waiver was required to be submitted to HUD.
a. The letter sought information that if a waiver would
have corrected the grants, how such a waiver could have
been obtained from HUD.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 9
b. The letter asked if it is now too late for waivers to
be submitted to HUD.
(17). By letter dated August 20, 1985, HUD responded to
McCullough's August 2, 1985 inquiry. The letter advised as
follows:
a. "The grants received by the public officials were
ineligible because they violated the terms and
conditions of the Grant Agreement which prohibits
members, officers, employees of the grantee, members of
the local governing body, or other public officials of
the locality in which the program is situated, and any
other public officials of the locality in which the
program is situated, and any other public official of
such locality or localities who exercise any functions
or responsibilities with respect to the program during
his /her tenure or for one year thereafter, from having
any interest, direct or indirect, in any contract or
subcontract, or the proceeds thereof, for work to be
performed in connection with the program assisted under
the Agreement."
b. "The above officials were not eligible to benefit in
the Community Development Program without obtaining a
waiver from HUD prior to participating in the CD
program. Depending on the circumstances, had they
applied, their request would have been accepted or
denied. The requirements for requesting a waiver are
outlined under Section 570.611(d) and (e) of the
Community Development Block Grant regulations. There
is no provision for approving a waiver after
participation in the rehabilitation program."
c. "The Borough of Homestead was responsible for insuring
that the program and activities were carried out in
accordance with the Community Development Block Grant
regulations and the Terms and conditions of the Grant
Agreement. The regulations were made available to all
communities who participated in the HUD programs. The
Grant Agreement was signed by the Officials of the
Borough of Homestead and our Office. A copy of this
Grant Agreement was sent to the Borough."
(18). In an opinion dated August 27, 1985, McCullough responded
to Council person Marcella Shultz's request for his opinion on:
1. reimbursing HUD with monies from the general fund, 2.
elected officials receiving ineligible grants, and 3. those same
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 10
elected officials voting on the motion to reimburse HUD. The
opinion dated August 27, 1985 noted inter alia:
a. Council would not reimburse HUD, but rather would
expend an amount on borough projects equal to the
disallowed costs.
b. Benefiting the borough in this manner would satisfy any
obligation to HUD.
c. The HUD audit had identified the funds allocated to the
three borough officials as ineligible.
d. The fact that these officials received funds in
contrast to federal regulations is a breach of the
contract between HUD and the municipality.
e. HUD identified the grants to the three individuals as
ineligible because of their status as public officials
of the borough at the time they received the grants.
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) paragraph (b) of
Section 570.611 prohibits certain persons who have been
decreed by HUD to be in a conflict of interest
situations from receiving CDBG grants. Paragraph (c)
clarifies any ambiguity in (b) by expressly stating
that elected officials_may not receive_ CDBG._grants.
(i) These provisions were expressly incorporated into
Homestead's CDBG agreement with HUD.
(ii) The typical legal remedy for a breach of contract,
which clearly has occurred, is to return the
amount of funds not properly used. Hence, the
Department ordered Homestead to reimburse the
funds.
f. "It should be noted that notwithstanding the foregoing
regulations regarding public official conflict of
interest, the subsequent paragraphs of the same section
permit the Department to "waive" said conflict of
interest provisions upon application by the recipient.
Hence, had the Borough of Homestead requested that
Mayor Braszo, Councilman Aber and Councilman Little be
excepted, it is quite possible that the grants to these
individuals would have been accepted by HUD and not
treated as disallowable costs subject to reimbursement.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 11
7
g
(i)
"Neither of the two steps necessary to obtain HUD
considerations of a waiver in the matter of the
three grants to Homestead officials was ever
undertaken by the Borough. Again it was the
Borough's responsibility to do so. Further,
Homestead never submitted a written request to HUD
for consideration of a waiver. Clearly the
foregoing steps could have been undertaken. Prior
to the award of the grants to the aforenamed
public officials, the Borough should have
disclosed the intention to award grants to them at
a public meeting, several of which were conducted
by the Borough in this matter."
(ii) The borough never requested the waivers from HUD.
It was the borough's responsibility to obtain such a
waiver. He indicated that the recipient (borough) and
the recipient's attorney (solicitor) were responsible
to obtain necessary waivers - pursuant to the pertinent
CFR regulations.
h. The State Ethics Act would not prohibit such a grant
provided that the public officials were not given
special _ considerations.
i . The borough was in clear violation of t_.:. applicable
regulations. PP,. ami
HUD advised the borough that it was responsible for
reimbursement of disallowed costs.
k. "The borough did not, by approving the expenditure of
June 13, 1985, forego its right to file suit against
those it believes were in some manner responsible for
this matter. Further, it did not, by this act, lose
the opportunity to commence proceedings against the
recipients of these grants. However, unless some
culpability against these individuals exists, the
Borough would be trying to impose liability for
actions of its own doing. To date the only charge made
against the three individuals is that they received
grants while public officials. Had the borough
properly processed the request for waivers, HUD may
have found these grants to be acceptable. No evidence
has been produced to show that these persons were
responsible for the processing of the applications for
waivers or that they had any control over the
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 12
administration of the CDBG program. Evidence suggests
that the borough had other persons in its employ who
administered or assisted in the administration of this
program.
It is not a sufficient legal basis for suit that
persons must return grants they may have been entitled
to had the Borough administered its program properly.
1. The councilpersons had no personal interest in the
vote to expend $24,274.00 on the manhole project rather
than reimburse HUD because it was the borough's
responsibility to reimburse HUD for the disallowed
costs. As such these officials had no personal
interest in the matter.
m. Council made a prudent decision to allocate funds to
complete a borough project rather than just forward
funds to HUD and obtain nothing in return.
(19). By letter dated September 13, 1985, solicitor Charles
McCullough expanded on his letter of August 29, 1985. The letter
provided inter alia in regards to the council meeting on
September 12, 1985:
a. In light of the action taken by Council at the last
.v V` :iS rir�w�:�i�r�:4�7' 1. J 11
paragraph of page ten of the opinion are all the more
significant. Since Council has directed a meeting be
conducted on the issue of the entire $24,274.00
element of disallowed costs as determined by HUD, the
following matters will be examined as to both items
which comprised this element:
(i) The extent of any negligence or other culpability
by persons in the employ of the Borough of
Homestead which resulted in the identification of
said items of disallowed costs; and prospects for
recoupment;
(ii) The extent the Borough of Homestead may establish
a legal basis for recoupment of these monies
against the beneficiaries of these expenditures;
(iii) The issue of statute of limitations and laches by
the Borough;
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 13
(iv) Negligence by subsequent Homestead officials and
employees to either detect or properly deal with
the detection of these disallowed costs; and
(v) The rationale behind the Borough Consultant's
decision to recommend the undertaking of a HUD
approved expenditure in the amount of the
disallowed costs rather than at least discuss the
alternatives with the other Homestead officials as
set forth in the August 27, 1985 opinion.
b. As a result of the foregoing, Lou Pastor has been
directed to instruct Terri Hemminger to prepare a list
of all Homestead officials from 1975 to the present,
and all Homestead employees since 1975 who may have any
knowledge of information relevant to the foregoing
examination. Their addresses are also to be compiled.
(20). By letter of September 18, 1985 from Mr. McCullough to
Louis J. Pastor, consultant to the borough, Mr. McCullough
confirms a meeting held on that date.
a. The letter indicates that at this meeting Mr. Pastor
informed those present that the borough was aware of
the "HUD" problems as early as 1980.
b. lette7 "You in
analysis that a statute of limitations problem would
preclude such litigation against Mr. Smith and the
three subject awardees in this matter in light of such
knowledge by Mr. Schultz and others on Council. You
suggested in lieu of litigation that perhaps the three
awardees be asked to make a voluntary repayment of the
amount of their grants to the Borough, since there is
no doubt as to the fact these grants were ineligible
since waivers were not obtained. You seemed however,
to fully recognize that it was the responsibility of
those vested with the administration of the program at
the time to procure the necessary waivers."
c. Mr. Pastor had contacted HUD and was informed that the
borough must reimburse HUD for disallowed costs or the
borough could suffer later in its dealings with HUD.
d. Mr. Pastor believed it best to satisfy HUD by expending
an amount equal to the disallowed costs on a specific
project to the benefit of the borough in lieu of direct
reimbursement to HUD as HUD had already agreed.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 14
e. Mr. Pastor did not discuss this option with the
solicitor.
(i) Minutes of the June 13, 1985 council meeting
reflect that McCullough was in attendance when
Mr. Pastor's alternate plans for reimbursement
were discussed.
(21). Minutes of the Borough Council meetings reflect the
following regarding the disallowed costs:
a. June 13, 1985, a motion was made and vote taken to
reimburse HUD for the disallowed costs totaling
$24,274.00. The motion was passed with the following
vote: Yes - Little, M. Braszo, Pachuta, Purifoy,
Buckner; No - Esper, Kasiorek, O'Hare, Schultz (5 yes -
4 no).
(i) The vote was taken on the advice of Louis Pastor,
consultant to initiate a program which involved
work on man holes within the borough.
(ii) Motion by Little, seconded by Marilyn Braszo to
authorize the borough engineer and borough
.. consultant ,to advertise for manhole bids, total
� $24,274.00 . The motion passed with the following
vote: yes - M. Braszo, B. Esper, Kasiorek,
Little, O'Hare, Pachuta and Buckner. No. - M.
Shultz.
(iii)The June 13, 1985 minutes were corrected to read
catch basins not man holes at a July 11, 1985
council meeting.
(iv) The Catch Basin Project was approved for bidding
at a July 30, 1985 council meeting.
b. August 8, 1985, motion to satisfy the HUD disallowed
costs is rescinded due to an error regarding CD money
and the reimbursement to HUD. All members present
voted in favor of the motion: Buckner, Esper, O'Hare,
Pachuta, Purifoy, Schultz and Little.
Motion by Buckner, seconded by Purifoy that the Borough
Consultant Pastor was in error in the meeting of July
30, 1985, when he said that catch basins would be
coming from Community Development money, it should read
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 15
that its (sic) to be reimbursed from the General Fund
in regard to HUD findings. Buckner, Pachuta, Purifoy
and Little voted yes, B. Esper, O'Hare, M. Schultz
voted no, Motion carried. Marilyn Braszo was absent.
c. September 12, 1985 - A motion is passed to put the
matter of the disallowed costs up for a public hearing.
Those who voted in favor: Buckner, Pachuta, Purifoy;
Abstaining: Braszo, Little, Kasiorek, Esper, O'Hare,
Schultz. M. Shultz said to file suit against Little,
Aber and the estate of Ivan Braszo. (No action taken)
d. October 8, 1985: Public hearing held in regard to the
Community Development Block Grant Program. Mr.
McCullough handled the questioning of witnesses, who
were also subject to questioning by Borough
councilpersons and others thereafter. The witnesses
who testified at this proceeding were John Mancini of
John Mancini Construction (the successful bidder on the
catch basin project), David Aber, former Borough
councilman, and Henry Smith, the former Borough
consultant for the CDBG Program during pertinent times.
Mr. Aber testified that Henry Smith and the former
Solicitor, Mr. McLean, never advised him when he
applied for the grant that he was ineligible and Henry
Smith testified that he had gotten approval from the
former Solicitor, James McLean, to disburse the funds
to the.Boropah officials after_HUD failed respond to
Mr. Mclean's request for formal waivers. (See Finding
#25 for Henry Smith testimony).
e. October 28, 1985 (special
to satisfy the HUD audit.
tie vote: For the motion
Little; Against - O'Hare,
(i)
meeting) - a motion is made
The motion is tabled on a
- Braszo, Pachuta, Purifoy,
Schultz, Esper, Kasiorek.
A motion then passed
Basin Project.
By letter dated October 30, 1985 to HUD, solicitor
McCullough advised that at the meeting Council
considered two methods of resolving the findings
of disallowed costs. He further stated that
Counsel had decided that subject to HUD approval
to use a combination of two methods in order to
resolve the matter. One method involved the
$3,700 payment regarding the catch basin project
and the other dealt with how the remaining $20,574
to pay $3,700 for the Catch
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 16
was to be transferred to the borough CDBG account
or future borough projects.
f. November 6, 1985, Special Meeting - Motion to satisfy
the HUD audit is passed on a roll call vote: In favor
- Braszo, Buckner, Pachuta, Purifoy, Little; Against -
Esper, Kasiorek.
g. June 19, 1986 (special meeting) - motions were made to
allocate funds from the Community Development Program
account to companies to perform work under the HUD
approved program to satisfy the disallowed costs:
(i) Motion to declare an emergency for the demolition
of property located at 132 E. 12th Avenue.
In favor: I. Braszo, M. Braszo, Pachuta, Purifoy,
Little. Against: Schultz. Abstain: Kasiorek.
(ii) Motion to open bids for 3 catch basins.
In favor: I. Braszo, M. Braszo, Pachuta, Purifoy,
Little. Against: Schultz, Kasiorek.
(iii) Motion to open bids for demolition.
Against: -t
Little. �^ ^ •,� ��_'�- + - Purifoy,
Aq : Schultz, Kasiorek.
(iv) Motion to accept and award the bid of $4,200.00 to
Port Vue Plumbing.
In favor: I. Braszo, M. Braszo, Pachuta, Purifoy,
Little. Against: Kasiorek. Abstain: Schultz.
(v) Motion to accept and award the bid of $11,432.00
to J. Karis.
In favor: I. Braszo, M. Braszo, Pachuta, Purifoy,
Little. Against: Kasiorek. Abstain: Schultz.
(vi) Motion to accept the contract of Chernco Cleaning
Company for $1,250.00.
In favor: I. Braszo, M. Braszo, Pachuta, Purifoy,
Little. Against: Kasiorek. Abstain: Schultz.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 17
(vii) Discussion: If money is not spent by June
30, 1986, Borough will have to return money
to HUD. HUD has approved all the projects
that have been paid out of the Homestead CD
program 1986 account.
(22). Correspondence between the Homestead Borough and HUD from
November, 1985 to December 9, 1985 disclosed the following in
regards to repayment of disallowed costs:
a. November 25, 1985:
b. November 29, 1985:
HUD letter to Little, Council
President permitting the
Borough to undertake an
eligible CDBG activity with
local funds to substitute for
disallowed costs. Work to be
completed before June 30,
1986.
McCullough letter to HUD
requesting approval of
proposed payment of $3,700 to
a contractor for installation
of concrete inlets.
c. December 9, 1985: HUD response to McCullough
- = acce tin --pa e
P 9 � ymnt -to the-
--
contractor. All substitute
activities to be completed
before June 30, 1986.
(23). A borough check ledger, February 1986 entry indicates the
issuance of check No. J 9146 in the amount of $24,274.00
transferred to the Borough of Homestead Community Development
Program Account.
a. The motion to satisfy the HUD audit was approved at the
special meeting of November 6, 1985.
(24). By letter dated December 9, 1985 from Mr. McCullough to
councilperson Marcella Schultz, Mr. McCullough states that after
investigation and a hearing it was determined that there was no
basis for commencement of litigation in this matter. McCullough
found no basis for a lawsuit against the three public officials
under scrutiny and stated that council had chosen to discontinue
further investigation of the matter. He, therefore, had no
authority to commence such a suit. The letter noted inter alia:
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 18
a. Any litigation against persons responsible for the
proper administration of the CDBG program is clearly
bared by the statute of limitations, since these
matters occurred in the mid to late 1970s, and Council
knew and expressed its dissatisfaction with the
administrator of the program in January, 1980. Any
litigation against him should have been pursued at that
time.
b. The borough may purge itself of its disallowed costs by
undertaking a project.
c. If the Department of HUD would be requiring Homestead
to repay the amount of disallowed costs, or would be
compelling the Borough to spend an equivalent sum on
projects which would not be within the ordinary course
of operation of the Borough, then the borough would
have incurred some legally recognizable harm. Whether
this would justify suit against the three public
officials is another matter since the evidence received
to date indicates they did not do anything to receive
their grants other than submit an application. Their
defense would be the negligence of the Borough's
administrator in failing to obtain the waivers
necessary to validate their grants.
borough testified u _ _-.•. -I. • :_ _ -
g during a public hearing on October 8, 1985 to
this matter inter alia:
a. He was aware of the HUD conflict of interest
provisions.
b. These provisions prohibited a public official from
being directly or indirectly interested in the grant
programs.
c. He made these provisions known at public meetings of
council.
d. This was done prior to the award of grants to Mr. Aber,
Braszo and Little.
e. The matter of their participation was referred to the
solicitor for legal opinion.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 19
f. The solicitor, Mr. McLean issued an opinion indicating
that the public officials could participate in the
program if they conformed to the regulations.
The solicitor questioned HUD on the issue but received
no response.
g.
h. Council voted to accept the legal opinion of McLean,
and to go ahead with the grants on the legal opinion
of McClean and the non - response from HUD.
(26). Original tape recording of the Borough Council meetings
reveal the following regarding the disallowed costs:
a. The Minutes of the August 8, 1985, October 28, 1985,
November 6, 1985, and June 19, 1986 Borough Council
meetings are accurate insofar as they reflect that the
pertinent discussions and votes concerned the issue of
whether the Borough should satisfy the HUD audit
findings regarding disallowed costs by reimbursing HUD.
b. As to the September 12, 1985 meeting, a vote was taken
on motion by M. Schultz, seconded by O'Hare, on the
issue of whether the Borough should commence with
proceedings to recoup the money that the public
officials had received. This motion resulted in an
S L �. 1 T c -y
i _, ;:7 `s=11 o: _ cEitmn -61 _ and
abstentions by Marilyn Braszo and four other members of
council. While the minutes of the meeting reflect the
motion, they fail to reflect the vote taken thereon.
c. Thereafter, also at the September 12, 1985 meeting, all
members of council present voted to set the date for
the public hearing as October 8, 1985. This motion and
vote is not reflected in the minutes.
(27). No tape recording is available in regard to the June 13,
1985 Council meeting.
2. Mary Albert, Investigator, provided the following testimony:
a. That she met with you, discussed the allegations and
inquired about your voting and your husband's
participation in the program.
b. You stated that you offered to repay the money but
someone in authority like HUD would have to tell you to
repay.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 20
d. You indicated that you never would have voted to
reimburse the HUD audit if you knew that the money was
coming from the borough general fund.
3. Louis J. Pastor, former assistant borough manager and former
borough consultant, testified as follows:
a. He was involved with HUD as to the receipt and
disbursement by the borough of funds from the "312"
program.
j
c. That she found no evidence that a request for a waiver
was made.
b. That Robert Tomasic, C.P.A., was appointed by HUD to
audit the 312 grants from 1976 through 1979.
c. Robert Tomasic questioned two items in his audit, one
of which related to grants received by three public
officials: Ivan Braszo, David Eber and Joseph Little.
d. Subsequent to the audit, HUD wrote to the borough
seeking repayment of the "illegal contracts."
e. He talked to Mr. Johnson and Mr. Crawford from HUD who
indicated-°that L f <:the^ o:.:; � .. -:. uI
money, then the borough would not receive any more HUD
money.
f. An executive session of borough council was held after
the audit was out and he recommended that HUD, which
disbursed the money, should initiate the action against
the officials.
g •
He prepared and sent a letter to HUD after he read it
to the president of council who raised no objection.
h. In order to satisfy HUD, the borough would take money
from the general fund to pay for different projects,
like catch basins.
i. He reviewed the records of Braszo,
found that there were no waivers t
In a June, 1985 meeting, you voted
to four vote, whereby the Borough,
Little and Eber and
herein.
in favor of a five
would perform some
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 21
k.
1.
m.
4. You
a .
b.
c .
d. You heard the borough solicitor give his opinion on
the matter at a public hearing and you believe he was
right.
e. You clarified your statement with Ms. Albert that you
would not have voted borough money if you benefitted
illegally.
f. You don't feel you did anything wrong because the money
was used for the purpose of fixing up your home and not
for any other purpose.
You don't believe that you were benefitting by your
voting in June, 1985 and June, 1986.
g.
municipal project so as to satisfy the two disallowed
HUD items.
There was a meeting in July wherein council voted to
rescind the action taken in June.
He did not state that the HUD audit could be satisfied
by HUD funds because there were no HUD funds
available, only funds from the general borough fund.
That in the five /four vote, the four that voted against
the borough action said that the public officials
should make repayment.
provided the following testimony:
As to the federally sponsored program, you recall your
husband mentioning that people would be coming to look
at the house to determine if your house plans would be
okay.
You were not aware of a problem until it came up at
council.
You never felt that you had a responsibility to repay
because nobody from HUD wrote or indicated to you that
h. You never
i. You agree
asked HUD whether you should repay the money.
that the HUD money was a benefit to you.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 22
5. Bruce D. Crawford, testified as follows:
a. He has been employed by HUD since 1961 and has been
stationed in the Pittsburgh office since 1970 holding
positions as Program Manager and Deputy Director.
b. As to the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
Program for Homestead Borough, he was involved in the
paperwork from the beginning in 1975 up until the close
out in 1986.
g• It was the borough's responsibility to perform audits
of the program expenditures but Homestead Borough
lagged in performing only two audits in the ten -year
period of the program.
h. The second audit occurred and was received by HUD in
the fall of 1983 and covered 99% of the expenditures
but not additional expenditures for audit exceptions.
J
c. CDBG is a "delegated program" which allows local
officials to choose the activities subject to
compliance with federal rules and regulations.
d. There was periodic monitoring of certain areas of the
program but generally whether a public official
benefited from the program would not normally be an
area of monitoring.
e. The standard grant agreement prohibited, in part, any
member of the borough from having a direct or indirect
interest in any contract or expenditure.
f. To the best of his knowledge, no public officials. from
Homestead Borough requested a waiver of the prohibition
referenced in subparagraph (e) and no waives appeared
in the files.
i. The first exception listed $6,179 in questioned costs
on three grants to local officials who were not
identified in the initial audit.
Ivan Braszo was subsequently identified as one of the
officials who received a grant.
k. HUD took steps to disallow, as ineligible costs, the
grants received by the public officials.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 23
1. The Borough had the responsibility to repay the costs
to HUD from non - federal sources.
m. Borough Solicitor McCullough asked if waivers could be
obtained after the fact but HUD responded that waivers
had to be obtained before the fact.
n. HUD had no prior knowledge of the audit report that
Homestead Borough public officials received the grant
monies.
o. The determination by HUD that these grants to the
public officials were disallowed occurred probably in
1985.
p. The audit report reflects that Homestead Borough
appointed consultants to administer the grant programs.
q. HUD had recourse against the Borough which had the
choice of proceeding after HUD was repaid.
r. The grant agreement between HUD and Homestead Borough
does not give guidance regarding waivers but contains a
flat prohibition.
6. Lynn Daniels provided the following testimony:
a. n8 iiaa ' been i an° e plo eta of HUD fOr approx =a to — _
eighteen years in the Pittsburgh Office.
b. He did not get assigned to the Homestead Borough
Program until after the Borough began receiving HUD
funds.
c. He had the responsibility of reviewing the Homestead
Borough audit when the program concluded.
d. As a result of the audit, costs were disallowed as to
grants made to three public officials: Braszo, Little
and a third individual.
e. A meeting occurred on October 10, 1985, in the HUD
Pittsburgh Office at the request of the Borough to
discuss audit contents and resolve all disallowed costs
including those to the public officials. He indicated
that the disallowed costs could be satisfied by the
repayment of non - federal funds.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 24
f. When costs are disallowed, HUD'S relationship under the
grant agreement is with the municipality- grantee.
g. HUD's contact is with the recipient (municipality)
which has recourse against sub - recipients.
7. Charles P. McCullough provided the following testimony:
a. He has been the Solicitor of Homestead Borough since
January, 1984, with a private practice primarily in the
area of civil contract law.
b. The disallowance of certain costs involving the
Borough's CDBG program came to his attention at a June
13, 1985 council meeting.
c. Mr. Pastor prepared an agenda for the meeting outlining
various motions he recommended, one of which related to
the disallowed costs.
d. Mr. Pastor worked out an arrangement whereby the
Borough would undertake a catch basin improvement as a
means of satisfying the disallowed costs by HUD and
Marilyn Braszo voted in favor of Mr. Pastor's recommen-
dation.
e. The Borough of Homestead was obligated and solely
responsible to HUD to = costs.
f. At a September 12, 1985 meeting, a motion was made to
commence legal proceedings against the people who
received it and the motion failed with Marilyn Braszo
being one of the abstentions on that vote.
He issued an opinion that the people who administered
the HUD project did not do so properly and that there
should be a hearing on the matter.
h. Aside from the September 12 meeting, the votes for
projects had the dual effect of spending money on
improvements and resolving the problem with HUD.
i. After doing some legal research, he believed that the
people who administered the Homestead Borough project,
but not the council officials, were at fault as to the
disallowed costs for the grants to the Borough
officials.
g.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 25
j He expressed his opinion that the three public
officials had not acted wrongly in receiving the grants
and conveyed that opinion at the September 12, 1985
Council meeting.
k. That if the Borough instituted suit against a sub -
grantee for the disallowed costs, he believed a general
two -year statute of limitation would apply.
1. If the borough sued the public officials who received
the grants, laches and unclean hands would be a defense
to such an action in his opinion.
m. He expressed his view that the prior votes taken by
Council would not subsequently preclude a suit, if
there were sufficient votes to carry such a motion,
against the public officials who received the grants.
n. In an October 10, 1985 meeting attended by HUD
officials Lynn Daniels and others, he broached the
waiver issue with Mr. Daniels but Mr. Daniels indicated
it was too late.
o. At the June 13, 1985 meeting, he had not given an
opinion to the Borough as to the disallowed costs.
His - opinion of the Section of the Borough Code which
prohibits council members from voting on matters of
even indirect personal interest was not applicable on
the theory that the councilmembers were not taking
advantage of the fact of being public officials.
q. He reviewed some cases but did not cite any case in his
opinion.
P•
r. There are a series of letters between HUD and the
Borough beginning in September, 1984, identifying the
borough officials who received these grants and a
letter of January 15, 1985 by HUD which identifies the
three individuals who received the disallowed costs.
s. In his August 12, 1985 opinion, he expressed his view
that Marilyn Braszo could vote on satisfying the HUD
audit on the theory that her vote was for the benefit
of Homestead Borough.
t. As to the HUD grant, Mr. Braszo filled out the
application which was reviewed by Borough personnel.
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 26
u. His view was that there had to be a legally recognized
harm before a cause of a action could exist and the
Borough suffered no monetary loss because the expendi-
ture would be made anyway.
B. Discussion: As councilperson for Homestead Borough, you are
a "public official" as that term is defined under the Ethics Act.
65 P.S. 402; 51 Pa. Code Section 1.1; As such, your conduct is
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act and the restrictions
therein are applicable to you.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall use his public office or any confiden-
tial information received through his
holding public office to obtain financial
gain other than compensation provided by law
for himself, a member of his immediate
family, or a business with which he is
associated. 65 P.S. 403(a).
Under Section 3(a) quoted above, this Commission has
determined that use of office by a public official to obtain a
financial gain for himself or a member of his ; m ay; ate f nily or
a business with which he is associated which is not provided for
in law transgresses the above provision of law. Thus, use of
office by a public official to obtain a financial gain which is
not authorized as part of his compensation is prohibited by
Section 3(a): Hoak /McCutcheon, Orders No. 128, 129, affirmed
McCutcheon v. State Ethics Commission, 77 Pa. Commw. Ct. 529, 466
A.2d 283 (1983); Yacobet, Order No. 412 -R, affirmed Yacobet v.
State Ethics Commission, 109 Pa. Commw. Ct. 432, 531 A.2d 536
(1987). Similarly, Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act would prohibit
a public official /employee from using public office to advance
his own interests; Koslow, Order 458 -R, affirmed Koslow v. State
Ethics Commission, Pa. Commw. Ct. , 540 A.2d 1374 (1988).
Likewise, a public official /employee may not use the status or
position of public office for his own personal advantage; Huff,
Opinion 84 -015.
In the instant situation, you and your now deceased husband
received a grant of $2,231.00 from the CDBG Program account to
the Homestead Home Improvement Loan Program Escrow Account,
resulting from the adoption by borough council of the resolution
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 27
in May of 1976 for Homestead Preservation Home Improvement
Program. Although that joint application was in your and your
husband's names, only he signed the financial assistance
agreement for a grant to be utilized for new windows, a door and
a roof as to your home. Since HUD has certain requirements to
insure that public officials do not use their position to obtain
a gain or benefit for themselves at the expense of other
individuals, it would have been necessary for the members of
council who were interested in applying for and receiving these
grants to request a waiver from HUD. Such a request for a waiver
from HUD was not sought; nevertheless, you participated in this
program with your now deceased husband and received the above
stated grant. Parenthetically, the funds received were grant and
not loan monies. It is also noted that Community Development
Consultant, Henry Smith, in the October 8, 1985 public meeting
stated that he made known the HUD provisions that public
officials could not receive grants at council meetings prior to
the award of grants.
In the June, 1983 audit, Robert Tomasic specifically found
that the grants received by unnamed members of council under the
program were obtained without the required HUD waiver. HUD, by
letter of September 1, 1984, wrote to Borough Council President
Bucker seeking to learn, in part, the identity of the Council
members who received the grants. Borough Consultant, Louis
Pastor responded by letter of October 26, 1984 identifying Ivan
Braszo, David Aber and_Joseph Little_as_the councilmembers. who
received the grants': - ' a sub undated fetter-to HUD,-Mr.
Pastor suggests that HUD should proceed directly against the
officials to recover the grants. Thereafter on January 15, 1985,
HUD notified the Borough that the grants received by these
officials were ineligible expenditures and must be returned to
HUD from non - federal funds. In response to a letter from the
Borough Solicitor to HUD dated August 2, 1985 which sought
information as to waivers, HUD responded by letter of August 20,
1985 advising in part: that the grants received by the
officials were ineligible as they violated the conditionsuoflthe
Grant Agreement which prohibits public officials from having a
direct /indirect interest in any contract or proceeds; that the
public officials were not eligible without obtaining a HUD waiver
and that the Borough was responsible for insuring that the
program and pct? : ri }i
in an August 27, 1985 response � from y an a inquiry u from T a e councilmem-
ber opined: the Borough should not reimburse HUD but expend
funds on projects equal to the disallowed costs; the receipt of
these funds by public officials breached the contract between the
Borough and HUD, citing the Code of Federal Regulations which
declares a conflict as to certain individuals receiving CDBG
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 28
grants; that waivers from HUD might have been obtained if
requested by the Borough; that the Borough, in approving the
expenditures did not forego its right to file suit against those
responsible and that the councilmembers had no personal interest
in the vote to expend borough funds on a project in lieu of
reimbursing HUD.
In a June 13, 1985 Borough meeting, you voted in favor of a
motion which would reimburse HUD for the disallowed costs. After
the foregoing motion was rescinded, a September 12, 1985 motion
was passed which would put the matter of disallowed costs up for
a public hearing on which you abstained. On October 28, 1985,
you voted in favor of a motion which would satisfy the HUD audit.
Although the October 28, 1985 motion was tabled, it was passed on
November 6, 1985 wherein you voted in favor of said motion. In
the special meeting of June 19, 1986, you voted in favor of
motions to allocate funds for the purpose of performing work
under HUD approved programs so as to satisfy the disallowed
costs. Following the foregoing actions, the borough records
reflect that a check in the amount of $24,274.00 was transferred
in furtherance of the foregoing action.
In reviewing your conduct to determine whether you violated
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act, it is necessary to discern
whether your participation and voting, regarding the disallowed
grants by HUD, resulted in a financial gain to you which was not
compensation provided for by law. There is no question that the
Borough Code does not allow grants for public officials; to the
contrary, Section 1404 of the Borough Code specifically prohibits
any borough official from having any direct or indirect interest
in a contract. Thus, since the Borough Code does not authorize
the receipt of grants as part of a councilmember's compensation,
it is not provided for by law. The grant which you and your now
deceased husband received was not authorized by the Borough Code
and in fact, was prohibited under federal law on the same
conflict of interest rationale: public officials were not
entitled to apply for participation in the HUD program unless a
waiver was obtained. Of course, the gain that you received at
the time of the award of the grant could not be a violation of
the Ethics Act for two reasons: such action predated the Ethics
Act and you were not a member of council.
The precise issue becomes limited to the question of whether
any of your actions as councilmember resulted in this financial
gain which is not authorized in law. This Commission must thus
determine if any of your actions as a councilmember relate to
thwarting or eliminating an action against you to repay the
ineligible grant that you received from HUD. Further analysis is
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 29
necessary to determine whether the Borough or HUD would have a
cause of action against you. The testimony of all parties
indicates that the CDGB program was a contract solely between HUD
and the Borough. Although HUD determined that your grant (and
the grants to the other two public officials) was ineligible and
disallowed, HUD sought reimbursement from the Borough but not
from you or the other two public officials. Therefore, your
action in participating and voting as to the satisfaction of the
HUD disallowed costs did not, of itself, create a financial gain
to you because any action that you took as to HUD could not inure
directly to your benefit. However, the Borough would have a
cause of action for the ineligible grant which you received and
which the Borough was required to satisfy. The minutes of the
Borough reflect that the action taken by you vis -a -vis a possible
Borough action against you and the other two officials involved a
September 12, 1985 motion to put the matter of the disallowed
costs up for a public hearing. You abstained on that vote.
Thus, this Commission is unable to find that you violated
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act based upon the evidence.
A postscript is to the above determination so that
the decision of this Commission will not be misconstrued. The
foregoing conclusion was reached because HUD had no direct
recourse against you and hence, your actions as to satisfying the
disallowed costs could not insulate you from any action that the
Borough might initiate. You did not vote on the motion at the
September 12, 1985 meeting concerning the issue of whether the
Borough should commence proceedings to recoup the money the
public officials received. Based upon the evidence, the
Commission is unable to find a violation of the Ethics Act. This
Commission must note that this decision should not be construed
as a condonation of your actions. To the contrary, this
Commission must express its reprehension as to the receipt of
this grant by you and your husband when such was expressly
contrary to the CDBG Program and the Borough Code. The Preamble
of the Ethics Act provides in part:
..that public office is a public trust and
that . the people have a right to be
assured that the financial interests of
holders of - public office present neither
a conflict nor the appearance of a conflict
with the public trust. 65 P.S. 401.
Although this Commission is unable to find a violation of
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act based upon the evidence, your
actions in receiving this grant to which you were ineligible
Ms. Marilyn Braszo
Page 30
coupled with your voting to satisfy the disallowed costs by HUD
is certainly violative of the spirit of the Ethics law. The
Ethics Act was enacted "...to strengthen the faith and confidence
of the people of the State in their government ..." 65 P.S. 401.
Your actions have fallen far short in that regard.
C. Conclusion and Order:
1. As an elected borough councilmember in Homestead
Borough, you are a public official subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Act.
2. Based upon the evidence, this Commission is unable to
find a violation of Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act
regarding your voting to transfer Borough funds to
satisfy an ineligible grant that was received by you
and your husband which was disallowed by HUD.
Our files in this case will remain confidential in accor-
dance with Section 8(a) of the Ethics Act, 65 P.S. 408(a).
However, this Order is final and will be made available as a
public document 5 business days after service (defined as
mailing).
Any person who violates the confidentiality of a Commission
proceeding is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not more
than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year or both, see
65 P.S. 409(e). The confidentiality provision does not restrict
respondents consultation with legal counsel.
By the Commission,
Joseph W. Marshall, III
Chairman