HomeMy WebLinkAbout20-552 Confidential
PHONE: 717-783-1610 STATE ETHICS COMMISSION FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
TOLL FREE: 1-800-932-0936 FINANCE BUILDING WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 15, 2020
To the Requester:
20-552
This responds to your letter dated November 10, 2020, by which you requested a
Issue:
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., would impose restrictions upon employment of an A following
termination of employment with Commonwealth Agency B.
Facts: You request a confidential advisory from the Commission regarding the
post-employment restrictions of the Ethics Act. You have submitted facts that may be
fairly summarized as follows.
You are currently employed as an A with Commonwealth Agency B in Unit C, in
which capacity you serve as a D. You have submitted copies of your official
Commonwealth position description and an organizational chart for Unit C, which
documents are incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the job classification
specifications for the position of A (job code \[number\]) has been obtained and is also
incorporated herein by reference.
You are preparing to retire from your employment with Commonwealth Agency B,
and you might work for a \[type of firm\] after you have retired.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you seek guidance as to whether the Ethics
Act would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon you following termination of your
employment with Commonwealth Agency B. In particular, you ask whether the Ethics Act
would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon you with regard to working for a \[type of
firm\].
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not been
Confidential Advice, 20-552
December 15, 2020
Page 2
submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material facts
relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense
to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As an A for Commonwealth Agency B
See, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1; \[cites\]. This conclusion is based upon the
position description and the job classification specifications, which when reviewed on an
objective basis, indicate clearly that the power exists to take or recommend official action
of a non-ministerial nature with respect to one or more of the following: contracting;
procurement; administering or monitoring grants or subsidies; planning or zoning;
inspecting; licensing; regulating; auditing; or other activity(ies) where the economic impact
is greater than de minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of your employment with Commonwealth Agency
B, you would become a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics
Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official/public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official/public
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee.--No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the Ethics
Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and submitting
bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the
name of a former public official or public employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership, committee,
club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Confidential Advice, 20-552
December 15, 2020
Page 3
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public official/public employee himself,
Confidential Opinion, 93-005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion
95-007.
The term "represent" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of any
person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official/public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich,
Opinion 89-005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental body,
constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 1103(g) also
generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public official/public employee
on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former governmental body, even if the
invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to termination of service with such
governmental body. Shay, Opinion 91-012. However, if such a pre-existing contract does
not involve the unit where a former public employee worked, the name of the former public
employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the regulations of the agency to
which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion 95-011.
A former public official/public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former public
official/public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public official/public employee may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for, the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official/public employee with regard
to representation before his former governmental body. The former public official/public
employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or entities.
r has
governmental body where the public official/public employee had influence or control but
extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at
290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90-006; Sharp, Opinion 90-009-R.
The governmental body with which you would be deemed to have been associated
upon termination of your employment with Commonwealth Agency B would be
Commonwealth Agency B in its entirety, including but not limited to Unit C. Therefore, for
the first year following termination of your employment with Commonwealth Agency B,
before Commonwealth Agency B.
You are advised that Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from
accepting employment with a \[type of firm\]. However, during the first year following
termination of your employment with Commonwealth Agency B, Section 1103(g) of the
Ethics Act would prohibit you from engaging in any activity(ies) that would involve
prohibited representation before Commonwealth Agency B as delineated above.
Confidential Advice, 20-552
December 15, 2020
Page 4
Based upon the facts that have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 1103(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no use
of authority of office or employment, or confidential information received by being in the
public position, for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act
provide in part that no person shall offer or give to a public official/public employee and
no public official/public employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official/public employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these
provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof
but merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code
of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve
an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability
of the E.
Conclusion: As an A for Commonwealth Agency B, you would be considered a
65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission, 51 Pa.
Code § 11.1 et seq. Upon termination of your employment with Commonwealth Agency
B, you would become a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics
Act. The former governmental body would be Commonwealth Agency B in its entirety,
including but not limited to Unit C. For the first year following termination of your
employment with Commonwealth Agency B, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would
Commonwealth Agency B. The
restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed.
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from accepting
employment with a \[type of firm\]. However, during the first year following termination of
your employment with Commonwealth Agency B, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would
prohibit you from engaging in any activity(ies) that would involve prohibited representation
before Commonwealth Agency B as delineated above. Lastly, the propriety of the
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and
a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
Confidential Advice, 20-552
December 15, 2020
Page 5
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel