HomeMy WebLinkAbout98-001 ZieglerOPINION OF THE COMMISSION
Glen D. Ziegler
435 South 3rd Street
Apartment 1
Lemoyne, PA 17043
Dear Mr. Ziegler:
I. ISSUE:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
Before: Daneen E. Reese, Chair
Austin M. Lee, Vice Chair
Allan M. Kluger
Boyd E. Wolff
Julius Uehlein
DATE DECIDED: 1/15/98
DATE MAILED: 1/26/98
98 -001
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Mining Engineer I; Department of
Environmental Protection, Bureau of Deep Mine Safety; Appeal of Advice.
This Opinion is issued pursuant to your appeal of Advice of Counsel, No. 97-
621 which was issued on October 22, 1997.
Whether the Public Official and Employe Ethics Law presents any restrictions
upon employment of a Mining Engineer I following termination of service with the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection.
II. FACTUAL BASIS FOR DETERMINATION:
By letter dated November 12, 1997, received November 17, 1997, you timely
appealed Advice of Counsel No. 97 -621, issued October 22, 1997.
Ziegler, 98 -001
January 26, 1998
Page 2
In your initial letter requesting an advisory, you provided facts which may be
fairly summarized as follows.
You were previously employed as a Mining Engineer 1 with the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), in the Bureau of Deep
Mine Safety. You decided to change careers.
Since June 16, 1997, you have been employed as a computer consultant with
Transfer Technology, a computer consulting firm. Your initial assignment with Transfer
Technology was with Hershey Foods Corporation. However, at the time of your
inquiry, that assignment with Hershey was about to be completed.
The majority of Transfer Technology's work is with DEP. Transfer Technology
has an existing five year computer consulting contract with DEP, which contract is
now in its third year. Pursuant to the contract, Transfer Technology provides
computer help desk services, network support, year 2000 support, and the like.
You specifically asked whether, pursuant to the Public Official and Employe
Ethics Law, you could become part of the Transfer Technology team which works at
DEP. If you would become part of that particular team, you would be working at
DEP's Harrisburg Central Office, but you would report directly to the Transfer
Technology project manager. You indicated that you would have absolutely no ability
to influence any business, provide useful contacts, or provide any proprietary
information. Finally, you noted that the Bureau of Deep Mine Safety (the specific
Bureau for which you worked while employed by DEP) is no longer at DEP's Harrisburg
Central Office.
You stated that if you would be precluded from working at DEP, your
employment opportunities would be severely limited when your work at Hershey would
end.
You sought a ruling from this Commission in this matter. Specifically, you
asked that a "variance to the policy" be granted, in support of which you cited
Webster, Opinion No. 95 -01 1.
In addition to the facts which you submitted, the job classification specifications
for your former position with DEP were obtained and were incorporated by reference
within the Advice of Counsel. They are likewise incorporated herein by reference.
Advice of Counsel, No. 97 -621 concluded that you are a "former public
employee" subject to the restrictions of Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The Advice
of Counsel outlined those restrictions which would apply to you as a former public
employee for the first year following your termination of employment with DEP. The
Advice stated that your former governmental body would be DEP in its entirety,
including but not limited to the Bureau of Deep Mine Safety.
Ziegler, 98 -001
January 26, 1998
Page 3
In addressing your specific inquiry and your request for a "variance to the
policy," Advice of Counsel, No. 97 -621, stated as follows:
As a practical matter, it would appear to be impossible for you to
function as part of Transfer Technology's team at DEP without running
afoul of Section 3(g). You could not provide such consulting services to
DEP at DEP's Harrisburg Central Office without engaging in prohibited
representation of your new employer before DEP.
As for the fact that the Bureau of Deep Mine Safety has been
eliminated from DEP's Harrisburg Central Office, as noted above, the
Section 3(g) restrictions apply as to DEP in its entirety — not merely as
to the Bureau of Deep Mine Safety.
As for your request for a "variance to the policy" such as you
perceive to have been granted in Webster, Opinion No. 95 -01 1, you are
advised that Mr. Webster was not granted a "variance" and in fact, there
are no "variances" to the applicability of Section 3(g). Furthermore, in
Webster, Opinion No. 95 -01 1, the Commission did not allow Mr.
Webster to perform his new, private employment duties at a work site of
his former governmental body. Rather, ... the Commission simply held
that where there was a pre- existing contract that did not involve the unit
where Mr. Webster as a former public employee had worked, his name
could appear on routine invoices submitted by his new employer if
required by the agency regulations. Mr. Webster was in fact still
required to comply with the Section 3(g) restrictions. Similarly, you must
comply with Section 3(g), and during the one -year period of its
applicability, you may not perform computer consulting work for your
new private employer at DEP.
Ziegler, Advice of Counsel No. 97 -621 at 4.
In the letter by which you appealed the Advice of Counsel, you did not delineate
the nature of your objection. Rather, you simply indicated that you were exercising
your right to appeal and that you were requesting a personal appearance before the
Commission for the purpose of challenging the Advice of Counsel.
By letter dated December 31, 1997, you were notified of the date, time, and
location of the public meeting at which your appeal was to be considered. At the
public meeting on January 15, 1998, you appeared and offered commentary, which
may be fairly summarized as follows.
You left DEP in June of 1997 at which time you went to work for Transfer
Technology. Your initial assignment at Hershey has ended and you are now off work.
Ziegler, 98 -001
January 26, 1998
Page 4
You are primarily seeking a variance from the applicability of Section 3(g). You
question whether Section 3(g) was intended to apply to people like you, who are in
situations like yours. You suggest that based upon the spirit in which Section 3(g)
was written, perhaps it should not pertain to you.
You note that while you were with DEP, you were a Mining Engineer I with the
Bureau of Deep Mine Safety. If allowed to work on the Transfer Technology team at
DEP, you would be coming back in a different capacity, as a computer consultant.
You state that you fail to realize how ethically that would be wrong, or how you could
provide any unfair advantage to anyone.
If you would be allowed to become part of Transfer Technology's Team working
at DEP, you would be in a "help desk support role" whereby you would provide
technical support to computer users pursuant to an existing contract that will run for
an additional two and one half years. You state that you cannot influence DEP as to
retaining that contract. You acknowledge that in the event of a dispute between
Transfer Technology and DEP, it would be possible for you to become involved on
behalf of transfer Technology, although you state that you would not be directly
responsible.
In sum, you feel that you have no influence such as would have been
contemplated by the promulgation of Section 3(g). You ask whether the Section 3(g)
restrictions as set forth in Advice of Counsel, No. 97 -621 "paint too broad a picture"
as to where "the line" should be drawn.
Our review of this matter is de novo.
III. DISCUSSION:
It is clear that in your former capacity as a Mining Engineer I for the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), you
were a "public employee" subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employe
Ethics Law ( "Ethics Law "). Our review of the job classification specifications for your
former position confirms that conclusion. See also, 51 Pa.Code §11.1 "public
employee" (iv)D.
It is equally clear that upon termination of your aforesaid position with DEP, you
became a "former public employee" subject to the restrictions of Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Law which provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(g) No former public official or public employee
shall represent a person, with promised or actual
compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
Ziegler, 98 -001
January 26, 1998
Page 5
65 P.S. §403(g).
with which he has been associated for one year after he
leaves that body.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or public employee
is or has been associated" is defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
65 P.S. §402.
The term "represent" is defined under the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
65 P.S. §402 (Emphasis added).
Based upon our review, the Advice of Counsel properly concluded that your
former governmental body is all of DEP and not merely the Bureau of Deep Mine Safety
where you served. This conclusion is not only based upon the clear and obvious
meaning of the statutory language but upon the legislative history which is cited and
quoted in the Advice of Counsel. We would merely note that in our view, the
statutory language is not ambiguous, but even if it were, reference to the legislative
history is an appropriate manner by which to resolve any ambiguity. See, Statutory
Construction Act of 1972, 1 Pa.C.S. §1921(c)(7). Thus, your former governmental
body includes all of DEP, not just the Bureau of Deep Mine Safety.
As for our interpretations of the restrictions of Section 3(g), they have been so
often recited that we see no need to reiterate them herein. We have reviewed the
Advice of Counsel and are satisfied that it accurately apprised you of the nature of the
Ziegler, 98 -001
January 26, 1998
Page 6
Section 3(g) restrictions and of certain important Commission precedents pertaining
to Section 3(g). We adopt and incorporate herein by reference the Advice's recitation
of the Section 3(g) restrictions and related precedents.
Turning to the specific inquiry which you pose, we similarly conclude that the
Advice of Counsel provided an accurate and complete response. Since working on
Transfer Technology's team at DEP would require you to be physically present at
DEP's Harrisburg Central Office, it would be impossible for you to perform the
functions of that position without transgressing Section 3(g). Working on behalf of
Transfer Technology at DEP's Harrisburg Central Office would necessarily result in
prohibited representation of your new employer, Transfer Technology, before your
former governmental body, DEP.
Furthermore, given that the governmental body with which you have been
associated includes all of DEP, the fact that the particular Bureau where you previously
worked has been removed from the said Harrisburg Central Office location is legally
irrelevant.
Finally, the Advice of Counsel accurately noted that there are no "variances" to
Section 3(g). As a former public employee, these restrictions of Section 3(g) apply to
you. This Commission does not have the authority to create "exceptions" which do
not exist by statute. Richardson, Opinion No. 93 -006. You misperceive our holding
in Webster, Opinion No. 95 -01 1. We did not create a "variance" or "exception" for
Mr. Webster. We clearly stated that Mr. Webster was in fact subject to the Section
3(g) restrictions. We simply held that where there was a pre- existing contract that did
not involve the particular unit where the former public official /public employee had
worked, that individual's name could appear on routine invoices submitted by his new
employer to his former governmental body if required by that agency's regulations.
We commend you for coming before this Commission for an advisory. We also
commend you for the presentation that you made to this Commission. You capably
articulated your position, and we are certainly not insensitive to your situation.
Nevertheless, this Commission is duty -bound to apply the Ethics Law as it has
been promulgated by the General Assembly. The statute provides for the Section 3(g)
restrictions to apply to a ll former public officials /public employees. There is no
mention in the statute of any "variances" or "exceptions." Obviously, the facts in any
given case may be more or less compelling than in others, but the law must be applied
fairly and uniformly.
Advice of Counsel, No. 97 -621 is affirmed. So that there is no
misunderstanding, we would emphasize that Section 3(g) would not preclude you from
working for your present employer, Transfer Technology. However, Section 3(g)
would prohibit you from working on Transfer Technology's team at DEP until the one
year period of applicability of Section 3(g) has expired.
Ziegler, 98 -001
January 26, 1998
Page 7
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the Governor's Code of Conduct.
IV. CONCLUSION:
A former Mining Engineer I for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department
of Environmental Protection (DEP), is a "former public employee" subject to the
restrictions of Section 3(g) of the Public Official and Employe Ethics Law, Act 9 of
1989. The restrictions of Section 3(g) apply for one year following termination of
public service. The former governmental body is DEP in its entirety, including but not
limited to the Bureau of Deep Mine Safety. The restrictions of Section 3(g) are
accurately set forth in Advice of Counsel, No. 97 -621, which restrictions must be
observed. Advice of Counsel No. 97 -621 is affirmed.
Pursuant to Section 7(10), the person who acts in good faith on this opinion
issued to him shall not be subject to criminal or civil penalties for so acting provided
the material facts are as stated in the request.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, a party may request the Commission to reconsider its Opinion. The
reconsideration request must be received at this Commission within thirty days of the
mailing date of this Opinion. The party requesting reconsideration should present a
detailed explanation setting forth the reasons why the Opinion requires reconsideration.
By the Commission,
Daneen E. Reese
Chair
Commissioner Austin M Lee, Vice Chair dissents.