HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-007 DriggsMario F. Driggs, Esquire
Suite 402
1608 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Dear Mr. Driggs:
I. ISSUE:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
Before: James M. Howley, Chair
Daneen E. Reese, Vice Chair
Dennis C. Harrington
Roy W. Wilt
Austin M. Lee
Allan M. Kluger
John R. Showers
DATE DECIDED: 12/16/94
DATE MAILED: 12/27/94
94 -007
Re: Conflict, Public Official, Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission,
Commissioner, Consulting /Lobbying Business, Clients,
Governmental Body, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania General
Assembly, U.S. Congress.
This Opinion is issued in response to your request of October
19, 1994.
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law imposes
any prohibition or restrictions upon a member of the Pennsylvania
Turnpike Commission regarding providing consulting services for
persons dealing with agencies /offices of the City of Philadelphia
or registering as a lobbyist and performing services for clients as
to the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or the
United States Congress.
II. FACTUAL BASIS FOR DETERMINATION:
On behalf of Mr. Robert Brady (Brady) who is currently a
member of the Pennsylvania. Turnpike Commission (PTC) you seek
advice regarding the permissibility of Brady continuing his
Driggs, Mario F., Esquire, 94 -007
December 27, 1994 -
Page 2
membership on the PTC while at the same time starting a consulting/
lobbying practice or business. Brady plans to provide consulting
services to persons, businesses, groups and associations who would
deal with local government agencies or offices within the City of
Philadelphia; to act as a lobbyist before the Pennsylvania General
Assembly for clients whereby all services commonly associated with
lobbying would be performed and to act as registered lobbyist in
the U.S. Congress on behalf of clients to perform all services
associated with lobbying pursuant to applicable federal law.
III. DISCUSSION:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10) and
7(11) of the Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11), advisories are
issued to the requestor based upon the facts which the requestor
has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts which
the requestor has submitted, this Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to
facts which have not been submitted. It is the burden of the
requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material facts relevant
to the inquiry. 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11). An advisory only affords
a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all
of the material facts.
As a Commissioner for PTC, Brady is a public official as that
term is defined under the Ethics Law, and hence he is subject to
the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
Driggs, Mario F., Esquire, 94 -007
December 27, 1994
Page 3
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his
official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest, as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body
would be unable to take any action on a matter
before it because the number of members of the
body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority
or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained
from voting as a result of a conflict of
interest, and the remaining two members of the
Driggs, Mario F., Esquire, 94 -007
December 27, 1994
Page 4
governing body have cast opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the
abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the
inability of the governmental body to take action because a
majority is unattainable due to the abstention(s) from conflict
under the Ethics Law, then in that event participation is
permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted above are
followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
As to Section 3(a) of Act 9 of 1989, the Ethics Law does not
preclude a public official /employee from outside private business
activities. Pancoe, Opinion 89 -011. The Preamble of the Ethics
Law contains a specific recognition regarding public
officials /employees "maintaining their contacts with their
community through their occupations and professions." 65 P.S.
§401(b). However, public officials /employees must insure that
there is no conflict between their private interests and that of
the public interest, the latter of which is preeminent. Crisci,
Opinion 89 -013. Thus, the private interest must always yield to
the public interest. Further, whenever any of the private
interests of a public official /employee are before his governmental
body, the public official has a conflict, must recuse himself and
must observe the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) of the
Ethics Law noted above.
In addition to the above conflict provision, a public
official /employee who has outside private business activities must
insure that he does not use his public office directly or
indirectly as a vehicle to generate that business and second must
insure that he does not use the government office, personnel or
facilities as a means to generate, continue or perpetuate such
private business activities. Hafer, Opinion 90 -013; Pancoe, supra.
In applying the above principles to the instant matter, there
is no prohibition upon Brady, as a sitting PTC Commissioner, from
engaging in private business activities consisting of a
consulting /lobbying business on behalf of private clients before
Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania General Assembly and the U.S.
Congress. As noted above, such private business activities must be
totally divorced and separated from the duties and functions of
Brady as a PTC Commissioner. Further, in the event that any of
Driggs, Mario F., Esquire, 94 -007
December 27, 1994
Page 5
Brady's clients would have matters before his governmental body,
PTC, Brady in all such instances would have a conflict, must recuse
himself and observe the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) of
the Ethics Law.
Given the position that Brady holds with PTC and given the
fact that there are many vendors which deal with PTC, we must
caution Brady to take particular care in his official actions as a
PTC Commissioner regarding any formal or informal dealings with
such vendors. In particular, the foregoing presents the potential
for conflict because Brady will be using the authority of office in
dealing . with such vendors in an official capacity while those
vendors in a private capacity may be seeking a lobbyist to further
their interests. For example, if a person has ongoing discussions
about utilizing Brady for representation as a lobbyist and that
person has a matter pending before the PTC, Brady would have a
conflict because he would have a reasonable and foreseeable
expectation of a private business relationship with that person;
accordingly, he would have to recuse himself and observe the
requirements of Section 3(j). See Amato, Opinion 89 -002. We are
not suggesting any inappropriate actions on Brady's part but merely
noting the potential for conflict under this type of factual
scenario.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law.
IV. CONCLUSION:
A Pennsylvania Turnpike Commissioner is a public official
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. Section 3(a) of the
Ethics Law does not prohibit the public official from engaging in
private consulting /lobbying business for clients before
Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania General Assembly and the United
States Congress. The Commissioner would have a conflict as to any
matters involving his private business clients before the
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission, would have to recuse himself and
would have to observe the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j)
of the Ethics Law. The public official could not perform private
business activities using government facilities or personnel.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(10), the person who acts in good faith
on this opinion issued to him shall not be subject to criminal or
civil penalties for so acting provided the material facts are as
stated in the request.
Driggs, Mario F., Esquire, 94 -007
December 27, 1994
Page 6
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, any person may request the Commission to reconsider
its Opinion. The reconsideration request must be received at this
Commission within fifteen days of the mailing date of this Opinion.
The person requesting reconsideration should present a detailed
explanation setting forth the reasons why the Opinion requires
reconsideration.
such.
By the Commission,
.4....Ae]t
James M. How
Chair
Commissioner Roy W. Wilt did not participate in this matter.