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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
Before: Helena G. Hughes, Chair
Robert W. Brown, Vice Chair
Dennis C. Harrington
James M. Howley
Daneen E. Reese
DATE DECIDED: Mav 17, 1990
DATE MAILED: June 13, 1990
90 -014
Re: Conflict, Public Official, Mayor, City, Executive -On -Loan,
Compensation, Salary Paid by Corporation.
This Opinion is issued in response to your confidential request
of March 20, 1990.
I. Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law imposes any
prohibition or restrictions upon the mayor of a city from appointing
an individual to a position where the corporate employer of that
individual would continue to pay his salary and where the salary would
exceed the compensation established by ordinance.
II. Factual Basis for Determination:
On behalf of the Mayor of the City of A you request advice under
Act 9 of 1989 regarding the possible appointment of an individual to a
position with the City. The position would fall within the definition
of "public official" under the Ethics Law and the Mayor would be the
"appointing authority" for the individual who is currently employed by
a corporation which does not, to your knowledge, have any city
contracts. The individual has advised the Mayor that he is willing to
accept the appointed position at the rate of compensation established
by ordinance. However, the Mayor is considering asking the
corporation to place the individual on an "executive -on -loan" status
whereby the corporation would continue to pay the individual's selary
at the current corporate salary which exceeds the salary set by
ordinance for that appointed position. If the corporation agrees to
the arrangement, the individual will then forego the compensation set
by ordinance. In light of the prohibition against soliciting or
accepting "a severance payment or anything of value contingent upon
the assumption or acceptance of public office or employment" provided
for in Section 3(e) of Act 9 of 1989, you inquire as to whether that
provision of law would prohibit the "executive -on -loan" arrangement.
Page 2
If the arrangement is not prohibited by the Ethics Law, you then
inquire as to what restrictions would be imposed under the Ethics Law
as to this individual in the executive -on -loan status. In particular,
you ask whether the corporation would continue to be a business with
which the individual is associated as that term is defined under the
Ethics Law; if the individual continues to be associated with his
corporation, such could affect any action the individual might take
relative to the corporation. At the current time, to your knowledge,
there are no matters affecting the corporation that you could
anticipate which would come before the individual in his capacity as
public official.
III. Discussion:
The Mayor of the City of A is a "public official" as that term is
defined under the Ethics Law. The individual, if appointed, would be
a "public employee." 65 P.S. 402; 51 Pa. Code 1.1. As such, their
conduct is subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law.
The following terms are defined under the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use by a
public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he
or a member of his immediate family is associated.
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest" does not
include an action having a de ;ninimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a subclass
consisting of an industry, occupation or other
group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member or his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is . necessary to the performance of duties .
and responsibilities unique to a particular public
office or position of public employment.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the
person's immediate family is a director, officer,
owner, employee or has a financial interest.
Page 3
Section 3 of the Ethics Law provides in part as follows:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall engage in conduct that constitutes a
conflict of interest.
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e)(1) No person shall solicit or accept a
severance payment or anything of monetary value
contingent upon the assumption or acceptance of
public office or employment.
(2) This subsection shall not prohibit:
(i) Payments received pursuant to
an employment agreement in existence
prior to the time a person becomes a
candidate or is notified by a member of
a transition team, a search committee
or a person with appointive power that
he is under consideration for public
office or makes application for public
employment.
(ii) Receipt of a salary, fees,
severance payment or proceeds resulting
from the sale of a person's interest in
a corporation, professional corporation,
partnership or other entity resulting
from termination or withdrawal therefrom
upon the assumption or acceptance of
public office or employment.
(3) Payments made or received pursuant to
paragraph (2)(i) and (ii) shall not be based on
the agreement, written or otherwise, that the vote
or official action of the prospective public
official or employee would be influenced thereby.
(4) This subsection shall not be applied
retroactively.
Section 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary
value and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept any
thing of monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote,
official action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
Page 4
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law
not to imply that there has or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
In applying the provisions of Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law to
the instant matter, that provision of law would restrict the Mayor
from using the authority of office or confidential information to
obtain a private pecuniary benefit for himself, a member of his
immediate family or business with which he is associated. Since the
proposed appointment of the individual does not fall within any of
three enumerated categories, Section 3(a) would not restrict the Mayor
from making such an appointment.
Since Section 3(e) of the Ethics Law quoted above is a new
provision which was added by Act 9 of 1989, it would be worthwhile to
consider any advisories that we issued on this subject under Act 170
of 1978.
In Baxter, Opinion 81 -004, we held that individuals in an
executive exchange program were public employees required to file the
Financial Interests Statements.
Thereafter, in Mazziotti, Opinion 87 -005 -R we considered the
propriety of the receipt by a nominee to an executive cabinet position
of a severance payment from the nominee's prior employer which payment
was made as an inducement to accept the position. In the cited
Opinion, we found that the severance payment which was as a salary
subsidization was not restricted by Section 3(a) of Act 170 because
the nominee received the payment at a point in time when he was not
serving as a public official and hence could not have used public
office to secure such compensation. We did impose' restrictions that
he could not use confidential information or participate in matters
which would result in financial gain to the membership of his former
employer; in addition, he could not participate in any matters in
which he was previously involved with his employer.
Finally, in Keisling, Opinion 88 -005, the issue under the Ethics
Act was whether the Chief of Staff to the Governor could accept a
supplemental pension allowance from his former employer, a non - profit
corporation, which leases space to the Commonwealth. We found that
the portion of the payment from the former employer which was
negotiated prior to public employment was permissible but the
remaining payments constituted a subsidization of his public
compensation which would be prohibited by the Ethics Act. /
Thereafter, the General Assembly addressed the concerns that we
raised in the cited opinions by adding Section 3(e) to Act 9 of 1989
and in fact that section was a direct response to said issues.
Section 3(e) of the Ethics Law restricts an individual from
either soliciting or accepting a severance payment or anything of
Page 5
value conditioned upon the acceptance of public employment. We note
that the operative phrase in Section 3(e) is "contingent." The
foregoing necessitates that our inquiry focus upon the circumstances
relative to the consideration of this individual for this appointed
position. Under the proffered facts, it appears that the individual
is willing to accept the position at the rate of compensation set by
ordinance but the Mayor is desirous of asking the corporation to place
the individual on the executive -on -loan status whereby the corporation
would pay the individual's salary at a rate which is higher than set
by ordinance.
In applying the facts of this matter to the provisions of
Section 3(e) we believe that such an arrangement would be prohibited
under the Ethics Law. We note that the individual is being
considered for this appointment and further that the Mayor is
contemplating having this individual serve on an executive -on -loan
status. Under the circumstances, we must assume that there have been
discussions or negotiations between this individual, the Mayor and
possibly the corporation as to the source of payment of the salary.
Therefore, because of the pre- existing negotiations or discussion
prior to the acceptance of assumption of the public employment, we
believe that the requisite "contingent" element exists which would
prohibit such an arrangement. In addition, the salary for this
position is set by ordinance. If the individual were to take his
corporate salary which exceeds the amount set by ordinance, such would
be a subsidization of his salary: This we believe was the exact
situation that the Legislature was attempting to avoid through the
implementation of this provision. We also note that these two
enumerated exceptions set forth in Section 3(e)(2) have no
application. The two exceptions relate to payments received from pre-
existing employment agreements or payments received as a result of a
termination or withdrawl agreement.
Accordingly, at this point, if the individual accepts the
appointment, he must do so in a fashion whereby his salary will be
paid by the City within the legal limit set by ordinance. The
individual would of course have to forego his corporate salary. The
Preamble of the Ethics Law provides in part: "The legislature hereby
declares that public office is a public trust and that any effort to
realize personal financial gain through public office other than
compensation provided by law is a violation of that trust." In the
facts of this case, we believe that the acceptance of the salary from
the corporate employer would not only contravene Section 3(e) but
would be contrary to the intent of the Preamble. /
As to the matter of the relationship of the individual relative
to the current corporate employer, we note that you have stated that
the corporation to your knowledge does not have any City contracts.
In addition, you anticipate that the corporation would not come before
the individual in his capacity of public official. Since, on the
presented facts, it has been indicated that no contact would be made
Page 6
between the individual and the corporation, we will not address he
question of restrictions on the individual vis -a -vis the corporation.
If in the future such a situation would arise, you are advised to
contact this Commission for further advice at that time.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
IV. Conclusion:
A city mayor and the appointed individual are public officials
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. Under Section 3(e) of
the Ethics Law, an individual could not be appointed to a position
with the city whereby his current corporate employer would pay his
salary since the individual would be accepting something of monetary
value contingent upon the acceptance or assumption of public
employment. The individual could serve if he accepts the salary from
the city within the compensation limits set forth by ordinance. The
individual would be considered a "public employee" required to f)le
the Financial Interests Statement. Lastly the propriety of the
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(10), the person who acts in good faith on
this opinion issued to him shall not be subject to criminal or civil
penalties for so acting provided the material facts are as stated in
the request.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, any person may request the Commission to reconsider its
Opinion. The reconsideration request must be received at this
Commission within fifteen days of the mailing date of this. Opinion.
The person requesting reconsideration should present a detailed
explanation setting forth the reasons why the Opinion requires
reconsideration.
By the ommission,
e ena G. Hughes,
hair
Dennis C. Harrington and James M. Howley dissent.