HomeMy WebLinkAbout90-007 MeansMr. Charles Means, Esquire
Market, Schaffer & Means, P.C.
1120 Grant Building
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Dear Mr. Means:
1990.
I. Issue:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
Before: Helena G. Hughes, Chair
Robert W. Brown, Vice Chair
G. Sieber Pancoast
Dennis C. Harrington
James M. Howley
DATE DECIDED: March 30, 1990
DATE MAILED: juy 1, 1990
II. Factual Basis for Determination:
90-007
Re: Conflict, Supervisors, Roadmasters, Township Paid Benefits, Life
Insurance, Limited Working Hours.
This Opinion is issued in response to your request of January 16,
Whether second class township supervisors under the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Law may receive township paid life
insurance benefits if they work a total of eight hours a year as road -
masters.
As solicitor for Harmar Township, a second class township in
Allegheny County, you request an advisory opinion as to whether
township supervisors who are employed as roadmasters may be eligible
to receive township paid group life insurance benefits. After
referencing 53 P.S. 65515, the provision in the Second Class Township
Code which sets forth the compensation for supervisors, you note that
all township supervisors have through formal action been appointed to
serve as township roadmasters. Pursuant to 53 P.S. 65515(c) all of
the supervisor /roadmasters conduct road and bridge inspections during
the months of April and October of each year. Every township road is
inspected and each supervisor / roadmaster personally participates in
these actions which are publicly advertised. The supervisor/
roadmasters have no duties as employees other than conducting the
Mr. Charles Means
Page 2
inspections which amount to eight hours per supervisor per year. The
compensation of $14.31 per hour for a supervisor serving as a road -
master has been approved by the township auditors.
Article 19 of the Township Collective Bargaining Agreement has
been supplied which provides as follows as to life insurance:
The Township agrees to pay the premium for
each employee to maintain a $20,000 term life
insurance policy with an insurance carrier of the
Township's choice for the term of this Agreement.
At retirement, employees will receive a $5,000
paid up term life insurance policy with the entire
cost paid for by the employer.
After noting that the Agreement does not require a minimum of
working hours for employee eligibility for insurance, the township
insurance agent states that the insurance coverage continues as long
as the individual is designated as a township employee. Although
there are no other township employees who work such limited working
hours per year, you assert that any township employee could receive
the life insurance benefits even if they only worked a total of eight
hours a year. In particular, you argue that supervisor /roadmasters
are township employees under Section 515 of the Township Code and are
required under Section 516 to inspect all roads which they are charged
by law to maintain. The twelve miles of township roads take about one
half day to inspect. Because performing road inspections subjects the
supervisors to the risks attendant with driving and walking along the
roads, you suggest that life insurance serves a reasonable purpose of
offering protection to the potential of a fatal accident occurring
while carrying out their mandatory inspection duties. You cite Savage
v. Township of Mt. Pleasant, 119 Pa. Super 392, 181 A.519 (1935) for
the proposition that a supervisor who would be injured while serving
as a roadmaster would be entitled to workmen's compensation. You
argue that it would be inconsistent to have two different rules for
life insurance and workmen's compensation which are both based upon
protecting an individual from risks incurred because of his
employment. In addition, you assert that it would be illogical to
have a result which would be dependent upon the length of the township
roads, that is, if a township had extensive roadways, the inspection
might take weeks which would clearly justify life insurance benefits.
You conclude that a denial of benefits which is based ultimately upon
the size of the township would discriminate against the supervisors
of small townships without any reasonable basis. You conclude by
requesting an advisory as to whether the supervisor /employees may
receive the township paid insurance benefits.
III. Discussion:
Mr. Charles Means
Page 3
As elected supervisors of Harmar Township, the members of the
township board are public officials as that term is defined under the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law of June 26, 1989, Act 9 of
1999. Accordingly, they are subject to the provisions of the Ethics
Law and the restrictions therein are applicable to them.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee
shall engage in conduct that constitutes a
conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined under the Ethics Law:
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use by a
public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he
or a member of his immediate family is
associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of interest"
does not include an action having a de minimis
economic impact or which affects to the same
degree a class consisting of the general public or
a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation
or other group which includes the public official
or public employee, a member or his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of
his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of duties
and responsibilities unique to a particular public
office or position of public employment.
Section 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary
value and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept any
thing of monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote,
official action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law
not to imply that there has or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Mr. Charles Means
Page 4
In reviewing the question posed, our inquiry is limited to
whether the supervisor /employees may receive these benefits under the
Ethics Law. Although we do not have jurisdiction to interpret the
Second Class Township Code, it is necessary in this case to review 53
P.S. 65515 to the extent that it impacts upon the Ethics Law
regarding the issue of whether the supervisor employees would be
using the authority of office to obtain a private pecuniary benefit
for themselves.
The Second Class Township Code provides for participation by
supervisor employees in insurance plans:
Supervisor - employees and their dependents shall be
eligible for inclusion in group life, health,
hospitalization, medical service and accident
insurance plans paid in whole or in part by the
township. No policy of group life insurance shall
contain any provision for the accrual or deferral
of a cash surrender value, loan value or any other
nonforfeitable benefit, in addition to or beyond
the face amount of insurance, that shall inure to
the benefit of the supervisor, any beneficiary or
any other individual having an insurable interest
in the life of a supervisor. Such insurance,
however, may contain a provision that when the
insurance, or any portion of it, on a person
covered under the policy ceases because of
termination of employment or the termination of
the insured's term of office, such person shall be
entitled to have issued to him by the insurer,
without evidence of insurability, an individual
policy of insurance on any form customarily issued
by the insurer at the age and for the amount
applied for if: (i) such amount is not in excess
of the amount of life insurance which ceases
because of such termination; and (ii) the
application for the individual policy is made and
first premium is paid to the insurer within
thirty -one days after such termination.
Participation by supervisor - employees shall not
require auditor approval. Supervisor - employees
eligible for inclusion in such plans must meet the
same requirements as other employees of the
township who are eligible to participate in an
insurance plan. Such plans shall not improperly
discriminate in favor of a supervisor - employee.
53 P.S. 65515(c)(1).
In the instant matter, we do note that the restriction of Section
3(a) of the Ethic Law quoted above prohibits the use of authority of
Mr. Charles Means
Page 5
office to obtain a private pecuniary benefit for the public official.
In this case, the supervisor employees have been designated in one of
the enumerated working positions (roadmasters) through formal action.
In addition, Act 41 of 1988 specifically provides that supervisor
employees are eligible for inclusion in group life plans paid in whole
or part by the township. We also note that the life insurance
coverage is available to all township employees who are so designated
regardless of the amount of their working hours. Therefore, Section
3(a) of the Ethics Law would not restrict the receipt of this township
paid benefit by the supervisor employees.
A postscript is necessary so that our decision in this case is
not misconstrued. First, as noted above, our jurisdiction is limited
to interpreting the provisions of the Ethics Law. Therefore, we
cannot and do not offer any interpretation as to whether the receipt
of these benefits would be allowable under the Second Class Township
Code. In particular, we do not address the question of whether such
limited working hours would "improperly discriminate in favor of a
supervisor - employee" under the Second Class Township Code. Secondly,
the supervisor employees must be mindful of the Preamble to the Ethics
Law:
(a) The Legislature hereby declares that
public office is a public trust and that any
effort to realize personal financial gain through
public office other than compensation provided by
law is a violation of that trust. In order to
strengthen the faith and confidence of the people
of the State in their government, the Legislature
further declares that the people have a right to
be assured that the financial interests of
holders of or nominees or candidates for public
office do not conflict with the public trust.
Because public confidence in government can best
be sustained by assuring the people of the
impartiality and honesty of public officials, this
act shall be liberally construed to promote
complete financial disclosure as specified in this
act. Furthermore, it is recognized that clear
guidelines are needed in order to guide public
officials and employees in their actions. Thus,
the General Assembly by this act intends to define
as clearly as possible those areas which represent
conflict with the public trust. 65 P.S. 401(a).
Since public office is a matter of public trust, any effort to
realize personal financial gain through office is considered a
violation of that trust. We would remind the supervisor employees
that the benefits in question are paid for by tax revenues from the
municipality which they represent. They must be aware of the
Mr. Charles Means
Page 6
utilization of tax revenues for the payment of such a program
relative to their very limited working hours. Therefore, although the
receipt of the township paid insurance benefits would not be
prohibited by the Ethics Law, the supervisor employees should
consider whether the better practice would be to forgo such benefits.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law.
IV. Conclusion:
Second class township supervisors are public officials subject to
the provisions of the Ethics Law. Although Section 3(a) of the
Ethics Law would not prohibit supervisor employees from receiving
township paid life insurance benefits, public office is a public trust
and supervisor employees should consider whether the better practice
would be to forego such benefits which would have to be paid from tax
revenues. The issue of whether the receipt of the life insurance
based upon limited working hours of the supervisor employees
constitutes an improper discrimination under the Second Class Township
Code is not addressed. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct
has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(i), this Opinion is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any civil or criminal proceeding,
providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the advice
given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, any person may request the Commission to reconsider its
Opinion. The reconsideration request must be received at this
Commission within fifteen days of the mailing date of this Opinion.
The person requesting reconsideration should present a detailed
explanation setting forth the reasons why the Opinion requires
reconsideration.
By th= Commission,
elena G. Hughes,
Chair