HomeMy WebLinkAbout90-003 BooninMr. David M. Boonin
1210 Pine Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Dear Mr. Boonin:
1990.
I. Issue:
Before: Helena G.
Robert W.
W. Thomas
G. Sieber
Dennis C.
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
II. Factual Basis for Determination:
Hughes, Chair
Brown, Vice Chair
Andrews
Pancoast
Harrington
DATE DECIDED: February 23, 1990
DATE MAILED: March 6, 1990
90 -003
Re: Conflict, Public Official, Public Employee, Former Employment,
New Employment, Governmental Body, Governmental Body with which a
Public Official or Public Employee is or has been associated,
City, Philadelphia Gas Works, Philadelphia Gas Commission,
Utility and Regulatory Affairs, Chief Executive Office
This Opinion is issued in response to your request of January 10,
What restriction does the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
impose upon a public official /employee who is a member of the
Philadelphia Gas Commission and Assistant Finance Director for Utility
and Regulatory Affairs of the City of Philadelphia regarding his
possible appointment to the position of Chief Executive Officer of the
Philadelphia Gas Works.
You are currently an uncompensated member of the Philadelphia Gas
Commission (PGC), and an employee of the City of Philadelphia (City),
as an Assistant to the Finance Director for Utility and Regulatory
Affairs. Since you are being considered for an appointment to the
position of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Philadelphia Gas
Works (PGW), you request advice under Act 9 of 1989 as to whether you
would be restricted in dealing with either the PGC or the City if you
are appointed as CEO of PGW. In particular, you inquire as to
whether your acceptance of the CEO position and your resignation as a
Mr. David M. Boonin 2
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member of PGC and as Assistant to the Finance Director for the Utility
and Regulatory Affairs would make you a former public
official /employee who would be restricted for a period of one year
from representing any person on behalf of PGW before the PGC or the
City.
You have submitted a photocopy of the Agreement between the City
and the Philadelphia Facilities Management Corporation (PFMC) relating
to the operation of PGW which characterizes PGW in Section XI,
paragraph 7 as a group of assets that are owned by the City. The
Agreement characterizes PFMC as a non - profit corporation organized
for the purpose of operating PGW with the PGC having the
responsibility of overseeing the operation of the PGW by PFMC. It is
further provided that any power specifically not granted to PFMC is
retained by PGC. Section VI, paragraphs 1,2,3 provide for the
membership of PGC. In addition, the activities of PGW are regulated
by the Finance Director, City Solicitor, City Controller, and City
Council. Section VI, paragraph 5 sets forth the powers of PGC. PGC
may approve or disapprove the personnel selected by PFMC for certain
executive positions with PGW including the CEO position. After
indicating that you have recused yourself from participating in any
PGC votes while you are under consideration for the CEO position, you
took such action so as to avoid even the appearance of a conflict.
You characterize PGC which consists of five members, two appointed by
Council, two by the Mayor and one by the City Controller, as a super
board of directors overseeing the operation of PGW. The Agreement
between the City and PFMC recites its purpose to provide quality gas
service to the City at reasonable rates which may be effectuated by
having PGC assume all responsibilities for overseeing the operation of
PGW by PFMC and by granting PGC all powers not specifically granted to
PFMC under the Agreement with the City including the ability to set
rates.
The function of PGC is beyond that of a traditional regulatory
commission in that it can inject itself into the operation by '
functioning as a super board of directors. You suggest the
distinctive nature of the PGC is why there is no prohibition on a PGC
member or employee subsequently working for PGW as opposed to the
employment restrictions on a utility commissioner with a regulated
utility.
PFMC is a non - profit corporation established for the purpose of
managing PGW under the Agreement of December 29, 1972; it has no
assets, and is a "paper" corporation, the members of which are
appointed by the mayor and indemnified by the City. The Agreement
further provides that PFMC is to provide a CEO for PGW with the salary
being paid directly from PGW's bank account. PGW has represented
itself as integral part of the City. In particular PGW has taken the
position that it is not a separate legal entity from the City but is
an agency of the City, that is, it is a mere collection of real and
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personal property owned by the City. After referencing the cases of
Commonwealth v. Philadelphia Gas Works, 484 Pa. 60, 398. 2d 942
(1979) and Philadelphia Facilities Management Corporation v. Beister,
60 Pa. Commw. Ct. 360, 431 A.2d 1123 (1981), you quote from the latter
decision which construes PGW not to be any "identifiable legal
entity."
After quoting Section 2 of the Ethics Law, you concede that you
are a public official by virtue of your position on PGC and also a
public employee by virtue of your position as Assistant to the
Finance Director for Utility and Regulatory Affairs. You quote
Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law and note that the duties of the CEO of
PGW include administering the Agreement with PFMC as well as
exercising such powers as are determined by the board of PGW which
would include appearing before PGC as a witness, advocating certain
positions and taking all necessary steps to assure continuous gas
service in the City. The CEO would also have contact with the Office
of the Finance Director for Utility and Regulatory Affairs although
most of the interfacing between PGW and the Finance Director would be
handled by the Chief Financial Director of PGW rather than by the CEO.
Presently the Financial Director issues the bonds for PGW,
administers the pension fund and establishes the format for financial
records, assists in the preparation of the operating budget, approves
the capital budget and has access to examine the books, records and
assets of PGW.
You state that in your capacity as Assistant to the Finance
Director you had no direct involvement responsibility or supervision
of any issues related to PGW or PGC and that your employment requires
City residency as a condition of employment.
You then proffer your analysis of the application of the Ethics
Law to the issues in this matter. After asserting that PGW, PGC and
the City are one governmental entity, you state that your resignation
as PGC member and as Assistant to the Finance Director followed by
your employment as CEO of PGW would not make you a former public
official /employee because you would be transferring from one position
to another position in the same governmental body.
Initially you quote Section 3 -909 of the Philadelphia Home Rule
Charter which provides for PGC:
"The Gas Commission shall be constituted and
appointed in accordance with the provisions of
such contract as may from time to time be in
effect between the City and operator of the City
Gas Works, or, in the absence of a contract, in
such manner as may be provided by ordinance."
In addition you also quote Section 5 -902 of the charter which
provides:
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"The Gas Commission shall exercise such powers and
perform such duties as may from time to time be
provided in contracts between the City and the
operator of the City Gas Works, in the absence of
a contract, by ordinances."
You allude to the Agreement between the City and PFMC and
reference PGC's duties of overseeing the operation of PGW, fixing the
rates for supplying gas to customers and setting standards for the
purchases and sales of non gas items which are subject to review by
the law department of the City.
Even though your pay check as a City employee is issued from a
City account and PGC employees and PGW employees are paid from the PGW
account, you argue that there is a "direct identification" of PGW and
PGC with the City since PGC supervises PGW.
After quoting the definition of "governmental body ", you argue
that in the new position you would continue to be associated with the
supervision of the same assets pursuant to the same Agreement. You
then assert that reimbursement for your salary would be paid from the
PGW account which also pays your current reimbursement for expenses as
a member of PGC. You believe that moving from one position in the
Finance Directors Office to the position of CEO of the PGW would be a
continuity of service which is not within the intendment of 3(g)
concerning public official /employees who leave public service to
enter the private sector. After arguing that Section 3(g) would not
apply to intra - governmental transfers, you reference confidential
Opinion, 89 -015 for the proposition that an exclusion exists regarding
an appearance by a former public official /employee before a
governmental agency. You cite Dalton, Opinion 80 -056 as holding that
a former public employee was not precluded under section 3(e) of Act
170 of 1978 from representing a person before his former governmental
body regarding the administration of an existing contract. Because
the former public employee moved to private industry, you note in
Dalton that the administration of an ongoing contract was permitted
which is similar to one of your primary roles as CEO in overseeing the
operation of the contract between the City and PFMC. You conclude
that the Ethics Law should not prohibit your appointment to the
compensated position of CEO of PGW and request of an opinion of this
Commission on the issue.
III. Discussion:
As a member of the Philadelphia Gas Commission you are a public
official and as the Assistant to the Finance Director for Utility and
Regulatory Affairs of the City of Philadelphia you are a public
employee as those terms are defined under the Public Official and
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Employee Ethics Law of June 26, 1989, Act 9 of 1989. Accordingly, you
are subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law and restrictions
therein are applicable to you.
Section (3) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any
matter before the governmental body with
which he has been associated for one year
after he leaves that body.
In addition, Section 3 (b) and 3 (c) of the Ethics Law provide in
part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee anything
of monetary value and no public official /employee shall solicit or
accept anything of monetary value based upon the understanding that
the vote, official action, or judgement of the public official/
employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these
provisions of the law not to imply that there has or will be any
transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the
question presented.
The following terms are defined under the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use by a
public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he
or a member of his immediate family is associated.
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest" does not
include an action having a de minimis economic
impact or which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a subclass
consisting of an industry, occupation or other
group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member or his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his
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immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of duties
and responsibilities unique to a particular public
office or position of public employment.
"Governmental body." Any department,
authority, commission, committee, council, board,
bureau, division, service, office, officer,
administration, legislative body, or other
establishment in the Executive, Legislative or
Judicial Branch of a State, a nation, or a
political subdivision thereof or an agency
performing a governmental function.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within State
government or a political subdivision by which the .
public official or employee is or has been
employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental
body.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other
person in any activity which includes, but is not
limited to, the following: personal appearances,
negotiations, lobbying and submitting bid or
contract proposals which are signed by or contain
the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm,
partnership, committee, club or other organization
or group of persons.
In determining whether the Ethics Law would restrict your,
appointment to the CEO position with PGW, we must review the
applicability of Sections 3 (a) and (g) of the Ethics Law.
Under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law quoted above, although this
provision of law would not preclude you from being considered or
appointed to the position of CEO of PGW, that provision of law would
prohibit you from using confidential information or the authority of
office to advance your own appointment or to eliminate any competitors
for that position. Thus, although you may apply for that position and
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submit your resume and present qualifications in an interview pursuant
thereto, you could not use the authority of your public office or
employment as a means in whole or part to promote your appointment or
conversely eliminate any competitors for the position. Pepper,
Opinion 87 -008. Subject to the qualification as noted above, Section
3 (a) of the Ethics Law would not prohibit your appointment to the
position of CEO of PGW.
Regarding the applicability of Section 3 (g) of the Ethics Law,
the question before us is whether your resignation as a public
official from the PGC and as a public employee as Assistant Finance
Director contemporaneously with your appointment as CEO with PGW would
classify you as a former public official /employee in light of your two
resignations.
Before addressing the above question, we must determine your
governmental body. We agree that the inter connection between the
City, PGW, and PFMC compels the results that your governmental body is
the City. Pollock, Opinion 89 -031. Since the City is your
governmental body and since you are resigning from two public
positions within that body to accept another appointed position of
public employment, does such action categorize you as a former public
official /employee. It is our view that the actions on your part would
constitute a transfer from two positions of public service to a new
position of public service within the same governmental body.
Therefore, you would not become a former public official /employee
because you would continue under the rubric of public service subject
to the controls of your governmental employer, the City.
Our decision in this case is limited to these unique
circumstances and certainly would not have application to situations
where a public official /employee would terminate service with this
governmental body and seek to provide services as an independent
contractor, consultant, or in some capacity, other than remaining as
an employee or an official within that governmental body.
Accordingly, Section 3 (g) of the Ethics Law would not restrict your
appointment as CEO to the PGW.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the propriety of any other statute,
code, regulation or ordinance other than the Ethics Law has not been
considered.
IV. Conclusion
A Philadelphia Gas Commissioner and Assistant Finance Director
for Utility and Regulatory Affairs of the City of Philadelphia is both
a public official and public employee subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Law. Although Section 3 (a) of the Ethics Law would not
prohibit his appointment to the position of Chief Executive Officer of
such.
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the Philadelphia Gas Works, he could not use the authority of office
or confidential information as a means of promoting his appointment or
eliminating any competitors. Section 3 (g) of the Ethics Law would
not prohibit the public official /employee from resigning from his two
positions of public service within the City of Philadelphia and
accepting another position of employment within the City. Lastly, the
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(i), this Opinion is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any civil or criminal proceeding,
providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all the material
facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, any person may request the Commission to reconsider its
Opinion. The reconsideration request must be received at this
Commission within fifteen days of the mailing date of this Opinion.
The person requesting reconsideration should present a detailed
explanation setting forth the reasons why the Opinion requires
reconsideration.
By the Commission,
ena G. Hughes,
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