HomeMy WebLinkAbout85-022 SeidelDear Mr. Seidel:
I. Issue:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
October 23, 1985
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
Mr. George H. Seidel, Jr.
110 Valleyview Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
RE: Former Public Official; Section 3(e), Secretary for Legislative Affairs,
Office of the Governor
85 -022
This responds to your letter of October 7, 1985, in which you requested
the opinion of the State Ethics Commission.
You ask whether the Ethics Act presents any restrictions upon your
potential employment following your termination of service with the Office of
the Governor.
II. Factual Bassis for Determination:
You have recently terminated employment with the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania and you now seek the opinion of the State Ethics Commission
regarding restrictions upon your future activities. During your Commonwealth
service, you were employed by the Office of the Governor as Secretary for
Legislative Affairs.
This is a cabinet -level position in the Office of the Governor. In this
position you were generally responsible for the oversight and preparation of
bill analyses that were sent to the Governor's desk. You were responsible for
reviewing the background material prepared by members of staff as well as for
recommending the action to be taken on each bill. You, generally, coordinated
the activities of the legislative liaisons of the executive branch agencies
under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office. You were responsible for
arranging for responses from the Governor or other appropriate executive
branch officials to written or verbal communications received from the Genera's
Assembly. You also arranged for meetings between the Governor and legislative
leaders as necessary. You coordinated your activities with the Governor's
Secretary of Policy and Planning and other staff members in preparing the
Administration's Legislative Program. You were responsible for requesting and
Mr. George H. Seidel, Jr.
October 23, 1985
Page 2
assisting in making arrangements with the Governor to appear before joint
sessions of the General Assembly to present the proposed Commonwealth budget,
as well as for other appearances before that body.
You have recently ohtained employment as the Executive Director of a
national trade association and have requested the opinion of the Ethics
Commission on any restrictions that might be applicable to you in your new
position.
III. Discussion:
At the outset, it must be noted that the Ethics Commission may only
address your question within the purview of the Ethics Act. The Commission
may not and will not offer advice with respect to any duties or obligations
that may be imposed by other provisions of law such as the State Adverse
Interest Act or the Governor's Code of Conduct.
As a Secretary for Legislative Affairs, the Office of the Governor, you
were to be considered a "public official" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Ethics Act and the regulations of the Commission. 65 P.S.
§402; 51 Pa. Code §1.1. This conclusion is based upon your job description,
which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates clearly that you had the
power to take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with
respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting or other activities
where the economic impact is greater than de minimus on the interests of
another person. See Muir, 85 -078; Pierce, 85 -536; Weber, 83 -604.
Consequently, upon termination of this employment, you became a "former
public official" subject to Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. Section 3(e) of
the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(e) No former official or public employee shall represent
a person, with or without compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has been
associated for one year after he leaves that body.
65 P.S. 403.
Initially, to answer your request, we must identify the "governmental
body" with which you were associated while working with the Office of the
Governor. Then, we must review the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation." In this context, the Ethics
Commission has previously ruled that the "governmental body" with which an
individual may be deemed to have been associated during his tenure of public
Mr. George H. Seidel, Jr.
October 23, 1985
Page 3
office or employment extends to those entities where he had influence,
responsibility, supervision, or control. See Ewing, 79 -010. See also
Kury vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State Ethics Commission, 435 A.2d 940
(1981).
From the description and analysis of your duties and responsibilities and
based upon the facts outlined above, your jurisdiction, responsibility,
influence and control appears to have been exercised within the Governor's
Office in general and the executive agencies thereunder. This is so
especially in light of the fact that as a senior staff official in the
Governor's Office, you were responsible for coordinating the activities of
legislative matters on behalf of the administration and because your job
description, references to your activity in relation to coordinating the
legislative activities of executive agencies under the Governor's
jurisdiction. Thus, the "governmental body" with which you have been
"associated" would be the Office of the Governor and the executive agencies
thereunder. Additionally, we note that you were responsible for various
activities outside of the Office of the Governor. In this respect, you were
responsible for acting as a liaison between the Governor's Office and the
General Assembly. We do not, however, believe that this factor empowered you
with any responsibility or control over that body. See; Kury v. State Ethics
Commission, supra. Therefore, you are not deemed to have been associated with
the General Assembly. Within the first year after you would leave
Commonwealth service, Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict
your "representation" of persons or new employers vis -a -vis the Office of the
Governor and the executive agencies thereunder, hereinafter, the Office and
the Agencies.
The Ethics Act would not affect your ability to appear before agencies or
entities other than with respect to the Office and the Agencies . Likewise,
there is no general limitation on the type of employment in which you may
engage, following your departure from Commonwealth service. We do note,
however, that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with
financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the law
generally is that during the term of a person's public employment he must act
consistently with the public trust and upon departure from the public sector,
that individual should not be allowed to utilize his association with the
public sector, officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his association
with his former public employer. See Anderson, 83 -014; Zwikl, 85 -004.
In respect to the one year representation restriction the Ethics
Commission has promulgated regulations to define "representation" as follows:
Section 1.1. Definitions.
Representation - -- Any act on behalf of any person -
including but not limited to the following activities:
Mr. George H. Seidel, Jr.
October 23, 1985
Page 4
personal appearances, negotiating contracts, lobbying, and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by
or contain the name of the former public official or
public employe. 51 Pa. Code 1.1.
The Commission, in its opinions, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the governmental body or bodies with
which you have been associated, (that is the Office and the Agencies,
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations on contracts
with the Office and the Agencies;
2. Attempts to influence Office and the Agencies;
3. Participating in any matters before the Office and the Agencies over
which you had supervision, direct involvement, or responsibility while
employed by the Commonwealth;
4. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or
employer before the Office and the Agencies in relation to legislation,
regulations, etc. See Russell, 80 -048 and Seltzer, 80 -044.
The Commission, has also held that preparing and signing a proposal,
document or bid, or listing your name as the person who will provide technical
assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by
the Office and the Agencies, constitutes an attempt to influence your former
governmental body. See Kilareski, 80 -054. Therefore, within the first year
after you leave the Commonwealth, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented to the
Office and the Agencies so long as you are not identified as the preparer.
You may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the
Office and the Agencies. Once again, however, your activity in this respect
should not be revealed to the Office and the Agencies. Of course, any ban
under the Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude you from making general
informational inquiries of the Office and the Agencies to secure information
which is available to the general public. See Cutt, 79 -023. This, of course,
must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence these entities or to
otherwise make known to the the Office and the Agencies your representation
of or work for your new employer.
Finally, the Commission has concluded that if you are administering an
existing contract as opposed to negotiating or renegotiating a contract, your
activities would not be prohibited by the Ethics Act. See Dalton,. 80 -056 and
Beaser, 81 -538.
tir. George H. Seidel, Jr.
October 23, 1985
Page 5
In addition to the foregoing, and in order to be complete, you should
also be aware of the special provisions of the Ethics Act relating to
executive -level employees.
In this respect the Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former executive -level State employee may for a
period of two years from the time that he terminates his
State employment be employed by, receive compensation
from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a
business or corporation that he actively participates in _
recruiting to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or that he
actively participated in inducing to open a new plant,
facility or branch in the Commonwealth or that he actively
participated in inducing to expand an existent plant or
facility within the Commonwealth, provided that the above
prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment or
inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money or
a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand. 65 P.S. 403(g).
Executive -level State employee is defined as:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Executive -level State employee." The Governor,
Lieutenant Governor, cabinet members, deputy secretaries,
the Governor's office staff, any State employee with
discretionary powers which may affect the outcome of a
State agency's decision in relation to a private
corporation or business or any employee who by virtue of
his job function could influence the outcome of such a
decision. 65 P.S. 402.
You, as Secretary for Legislative Affairs in the Governor's Office, are
clearly within this definition.
Thus, if you have to any extent participated in recruiting your new
employer to initiate operations, open a new plant facility or branch in the
Commonwealth and Commonwealth funds were employed as an inducement, therfore,
you would be prohibited for a period of two years from the date of your
termination from being employed by that entity.
Mr. George H. Seidel, Jr.
October 23, 1985
Page 6
IV. Conclusion:
As a Secretary for Legislative Affairs, you are to be considered a
"public official" as defined in the Ethics Act. Upon termination of your
service with the Commonwealth, you became a "former public official" subject
to the restrictions imposed by Section 3(e) of the Ethics Act. As such, your
conduct should conform to the requirements of the Ethics Act as outlined
above. Your governmental body for the purpose of the one—year representation
restriction is the Office of the Governor and all Executive Agencies
thereunder.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(i), this opinion is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance of the advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, any person may request within 15 days of service of the opinion
that the Commission reconsider its opinion. The person requesting reconside-
ration should present a detailed explanation setting forth the reasons why the
opinion requires reconsideration.
JJC /sfb
By the Com ission,
HER,: RT B. CONNER
Chai rman