HomeMy WebLinkAbout83-005 CoploffMr. Larry E. Coploff
Williamson, Coploff & Hanna
334 E. Water Street
Lock Haven, PA 17745
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
308 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17120
May 23, 1983
OPINION OF THE COMMISSION
RE: Use of Federal Funds; Private Corporation; City Council.
Dear Mr. Coploff:
I. Issue:
83 -005
You ask whether Mr. Hendricks' running for the position of City
Councilman would result in a conflict of interest which would either interfere
with his ability to hold office in a corporation interested in a housing
revitalization program or in that corporation's ability to participate in the
revitalization program.
II. Factual Basis for Determination:
You represent Georg A. Hendricks, a local businessman, who has filed
nominating petitions for the position of City Councilman in the City of Lock
Haven, Pennsylvania. Mr. Hendricks is currently a stockholder and officer in
a corporation which has previously discussed with the current City Council the
possibility of a housing revitalization grant or loan. The City has made an
application to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for
a grant. If the application is approved, the City will administer the federal .
funds being used by the corporation in which Mr. Hendricks is involved.
III. Applicable Law:
The law to be applied to this question is as follows:
Section 1. Purpose.
The Legislature hereby declares that public office is a
public trust and that any effort to realize personal
financial gain through public office other than
compensation provided by law is a violation of that trust.
In order to strengthen the faith and confidence of the
people of the State in their government, the Legislature
further declares that the people have a right to be
Mr. Larry E. Coploff
May 23, 1983
Page 2
assured that the financial interests of holders of or
candidates for public office present neither a conflict
nor the appearance of a conflict with the public trust.
Because public confidence in government can best be
sustained by assuring the people of the impartiality and
honesty of public officials, this act shall be liberally
construed to promote complete eisclosure. 65 P.S. 401.
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employe shall use his
public office or any confidential information received
through his holding public office to obtain financial gain
other than compensation provided by law for himself, a
member of his immediate family, or a business with which
he is associated. 65 P.S. 403(a)
(b) No person shall offer or give to a public official or
public employee or candidate for public office or a member
of his immediate family or a business with which he is
associated, and no public official or public employee or
candidate for public office shall solicit or accept,
anything of value, including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward, or promise of future employment
based on any understanding that the vote, official action,
or judgment of the public official or public employee or
candidate for public office would be influenced thereby.
65 P.S. 403(b).
(c) No public official or public employee or a member of
his immediate family or any business in which the person
or a member of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner or holder of stock exceeding 5%
of the equity at fair market value of the business shall
enter into any contract valued at $500 or more with a
governmental body unless the contract has been awarded
through an open and public process, including prior public
notice and subset,uen4 public disclosure of all proposals
considered and contracts awarded. Any contract made in
violation of this subsection shall be voidable by a court
of competent jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within
90 days of making of the contract. 65 P.S. 403(c).
Mr. Larry E. Coploff
May 23, 1983
Page 3
IV. Discussion:
The Ethics Act, 65 P.S. 401 et•seq., states that its purpose is to
strengthen the faith and confidence of the people of the state in their
government by assuring that the financial interests of holders of or
candidates for public office present neither a conflict nor the appearance of
a conflict with the public trust. There is no dispute that as a candidate for
and /or an elected City Councilman, Mr. Hendricks would be a "public official"
as that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and as such his conduct would have
to conform to the requirements the Act.
At the outset, two of the pertinent provisions to be reviewed include
Sections 3(a) and 3(b) of the Act. See 65 P.S. 403(a) and (b). These
Sections provide that no public official may use his public office or
confidential information received through public office to obtain financial
gain other than compensation provided by law for himself, his family, or a
business with which he is associated. A "business with which he is
associated" is defined by Section 2 of the Ethics Act as follows:
"Business with which he is associated." Any business in
which the person or a member of the person's immediate
family is a director, officer, owner, employee or holder
of stock. 65 P.S. 402.
In addition, these Sections prohibit a public official or candidate for public
office from receiving any thing of value, including the promise of future
employment, or the understanding that his official conduct would be influenced
thereby.
Section 3(c) of the Act is also pertinent and provides, in part, that no
public official or any business in which the official is an officer or holder
of stock exceeding 5% of the equity at fair market value of the business shall
enter into a contract valued at $500 or more with a governmental body with
which he is associated unless the contract has been awarded through an open
and public process, including prior public notice and subsequent public
disclosure of all proposals considered and contracts awarded. 65 P.S.
403(c).
Mr. Hendricks, it is presumed here, will be a "public official" for the
purposes of the Ethics Act and so because of his simultaneous position as
stockholder and officer of the corporation in question, that corporation can
contract with the City of Lock Haven only if the contract is awarded after the
requisite open and public process. You have not indicated whether there will
be a contract between the City and Mr. Hendricks' corporation, but if there
is, the open and public process must be followed if contracts between them
exceed $500. This process, as delineated by the Commission in Howard, 79 -044,
must meet the following criteria:
Mr. Larry E. Coploff
May 23, 1983
Page 4
Prior public notice; and
Public disclosure of all proposals considered; and
Public disclosure of the award of the contract.
If these standards are met and competitors of the corporation in question have
reasonable time within which submit t'Heir proposals, such standards will
insure that Mr. Hendricks and /or the City of Lock. Haven are not influenced in
this award of such contracts or the administration of any funds to be used for
the revitalization program.
If the corporation with which Mr. Hendricks is associated obtains the
contract with or funding from the City before Mr. Hendricks takes office,
there should be nothing to render that contract void so long as Mr. Hendricks
meets the provisions of 65 P.S. 403(b) during his candidacy for public
office.
In any event, whether the contract is awarded before or after Mr. -
Hendricks takes office, Mr. Hendricks -must, in order to avoid any appearance
of conflict with the public trust abstain from all participation, including
discussions and votes, in the administration or awarding of grants, contracts,
etc. to the corporation with which he is associated. Essentially, as we held
in Toohey, i3= -003, a public official is not automatically disqualified from
participating in programs which would otherwise be available to him. Although
Toohey dealt with a HUD grant to an individual, we see no reason to preclude
The corporation with which Mr. Hendrick is associated from participating in
this revitalization program. We do, however, re -state as we said in Toohey,
that
"... if and when a public official is in a position to
tailor the benefit program to specially benefit himself
or to influence the award of a grant to himself, a
business with which he is associated, or a member of his
immediate family, he should in all cases abstain from
participating in the decision - making process related to
such." Toohey, p. 3.
Likewise, even as to a business with which potential councilman Hendricks
would be associated, that business could participate in the revitalization
program if he played no role in deciding who would get the funds, establishing
the criteria by which the program itself was to be operated and /or criteria by
which applications would be reviewed or actually granted, and used no
confidential information acquired during his holding of public office to apply
for or obtain such funds.
Mr. Larry E. Coploff
May 23, 1983
Page 5
Further, similar to our ruling in Toohey, Mr. Hendricks as a councilman
would have to remove himself from making any decisions regarding the
distribution of limited revitalization funds if the corporation with which he
is associated is applying for such t'unds. This is because, if a councilman
can effectively deny all applications other than that of his corporation, he .
can effectively insure the availability of funds for his corporation's project
or application. See Toohey, supra and Reisinger, 82- 146 -C.
Finally, should Mr. Hendricks win election and his corporation apply to
participate in the revitalization program, he should insure the widest
possible dissemination of the fact that said corporation is applying for such
funds, that the public should be allowed to comment on this process, that the
abstentions set forth above are observed and the reasons therefore are made
part of the public record.
V. Conclusion:
As a public official and /or candidate for public office, Mr. Hendricks'
conduct with relation to the corporation in which he is both an officer and
stockholder, should be governed by the guidelines developed in the above
discussion. Specifically, he must observe and insure the entire Council is
aware of and observes the requirements of an open and public process of
Section 3(c) if a contract of $500 or more between the City and Councilman
Hendricks' corporation is undertaken.
The direction as to abstention from participating in the City's decisions
on establishing the criteria for the program so as to "mold" the program or to
actually produce benefits for oneself or the business with which the
Councilman, if elected, is associated and as to awarding grants /funds must be
met to insure compliance with Section 3(a) of the Ethics Act. A
Councilman- applicant should disclose and disseminate information as to the
application of the business with which he is associated and abstain as
discussed above for the entire fiscal year(s) associated with this
corporation's application.
Pursuant to Section 7(9)(i), this opinion is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has
disclosed truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained
of in reliance of the advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Mr. Larry E. Coploff
May 23 1983
Page 6
Finally, any person may request within 15 days of service of the opinion
that the Commission reconsider its opinion. The person requesting reconside-
ration should present a detailed explanation setting forth the reasons why the
opinion requires reconsideration. •
CW /rdp
cr"ic!L , A
By the Commission,
AUL J.
Chairma
ITH