HomeMy WebLinkAbout00-589 KlingermanKenneth D. Klingerman
322 South Alley, Apartment 5
Montoursville, PA 17754
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1- 800 - 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 7, 2000
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Senior Civil Engineer Supervisor;
Roadway Design Division; PennDOT.
Dear Mr. Klingerman:
This responds to your letter of June 6, 2000, by which you requested advice from
the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act - ( "Ethics Act"),
Pa.C.S. §1101 et seq., presents any restrictions upon employment of a Senior Civil
Engineer Supervisor following termination of service with the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation.
Facts: As of June 9, 2000, you are retiring from the Commonwealth of
nsylvania, Department of Transportation ("PennDOT") in Montoursville,
Pennsylvania with ten years of service. Upon retirement from Commonwealth service,
you will take a position with a full service design /engineering consultant in Williamsport,
Pennsylvania.
While employed by PennDOT, you held various positions such as Civil Engineer
and Senior Civil Engineer Supervisor. Your last position with PennDOT was as a
Roadway Design Squad Leader classified as a Senior Civil Engineer Supervisor. You
have submitted a copy of your latest job description with PennDOT, which job
description is incorporated herein by reference.
You request an advisory from the State Ethics Commission regarding the
restrictions imposed upon you by the Ethics Act. You pose numerous inquiries.
In your first series of inquires you request the following information: the legal
reference that controls your activities; a general statement of the intent of the law; and
the length of time that the restriction is in effect and any exemptions to that time period.
In your second set of inquiries, you pose the following questions concerning
clients and services you may provide in your new position as an Engineer Supervisor
with a firm which has contacts with PennDOT Engineering Districts 3 -0 ( Montoursville),
5 -0 (Allentown), and 9 -0 (Hollidaysburg): whether you may have direct contact on
projects with PennDOT personnel in the PennDOT Central Office, District 3 -0, or any
other PennDOT Districts; with regard to projects for the Central Office, District 3 -0, or
other PennDOT Districts, whether you may participate in the design of projects and bill
FAX: (717) 787 -0806 • Web Site: www.ethics.state.pa.us • e -mail: ethics @state.pa.us
00 -589
Klincierman, 00 -589
July 7, 2000
Page 2
for your services, provided your name is not directly related to submissions (except on
invoices) or part of the approval process; whether you would be restricted as to dealings
with the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission ( "PTC "); whether you would be restricted
in dealings with local municipalities that use only local and federal funds, or that use
state funds for transportation projects; and whether there would be limitations with
regard to offering your services to other state, federal, or local agencies in District 3 -0 or
in other Districts.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor
based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in
an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have
not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. § §1107(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As a Senior Civil Engineer Supervisor for PennDOT, you would be considered a
"public employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. §1102; 51 Pa.Code 11.1. This conclusion is based upon
the job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates clearly that
the power exists to take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with
respect to one or more of the following: contracting; procurement; planning; inspecting;
administering or monitoring grants; leasing; regulating; auditing; or other activities where
the economic impact is greater than de minims on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a "former
public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official /public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public official /public
employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the governmental body with
which he has been associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
Former official or employee. —No former public
official ( or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
Klingerman, 00 -589
July 7, 2000
Page 4
extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at
290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you will have been associated upon
termination of public service is PennDOT in its entirety. Therefore, for the first year after
termination of your service with PennDOT, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would
apply and restrict "representation of "persons" before PennDOT.
Turning to your specific inquiries, you first ask for the legal reference that controls
your activities. The restrictions of the Ethics Act which would apply I to you are cited and
quoted above. You can find the Ethics Act and related information at the State Ethics
Commission website: www.ethics.state.pa.us
As for the intent of the law, the Commission stated in Shay, Opinion No. 91 -012:
This Commission has Tong recognized that the Legislative intent in
l
promulgating Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law was to protect the public trust,
such that a public official /employee must act consistently with the public
trust and upon leaving public service, may not utilize his association with
the public sector, officials or employees to secure treatment or benefits for
himself or his new employer that may only be obtainable because of his
association with his former governmental body.
Id. at 3. Additionally, it is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the definition
oT the term "governmental body with which a public official or public employee is or has
been -associated. It was the - specific intent of the General Assembly to define the term
so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/employee had
influence or control but extended to the entire governmental body with wch the
deb tc
official /employee was associated. te n aterflected in the legislative
relative to the amendatory language for the
We sought to make particularly clear that when we are prohibiting
for 1 year that revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing not only with
a particular subdivision of an agency or a local government but the entire
unit...
Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
In response to your third inquiry,. as noted above, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics
Act applies for a one -year period following termination of the public service in question.
There is no basis in the statute for granting any waiver as to the one -year restriction.
The State Ethics Commission does not have the authority to grant that which is not
authorized by law. See, Richardson, Opinion No. 93 -006; Ziegler, Opinion No. 98 -001.
As the Commission stated in Ziegler, supra:
[T]his Commission is duty -bound to apply the Ethics Law as it has been
promulgated by the General Assembly. The statute provides for the
Section 3(g) restrictions to apply to all former public officials /public
employees. There is no mention in the statute of any "variances" or
"exceptions. „ Obviously, the facts in any given case may be more or less
compelling than in others, but the law must be applied fairly and uniformly.
Id. at 6. Similarly, in your case, the State Ethics Commission would not have the power
to grant a "waiver” of the Section 1103(g) restrictions because such are not authorized
by the Ethics Act.
Klingerman, 00 -589
July 7, 2000
Page 3
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee - hifnself, Confidential
Opinion 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying. Popovich,
Opinion 89- 005:
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former ublic
official /public employee on invoices submitted by, his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the ublic
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to the
general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the former
governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or
work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence or control but
Klinqerman, 00 -589
July 7, 2000
Page 5
Your next questions are posed alternatively as to the PennDOT Central Office,
PennDOT District 3 -0, or other PennDOT Districts. You are advised that as noted
above, the restrictions of Section 1103(g) apply to restrict you as to PennDOT in its
entirety.
Direct contact with PennDOT personnel regarding, your employer's projects,
which constitutes representation, would be prohibited during the one -year period of
applicability of Section 1103(g). With regard to designing_ projects, to the extent you
would be able to do that sort of work without engaging in prohibited representation
before PennDOT, such would be permissible under Section 1103(g) However, as noted
above, your name could not appear on submissions to PennDOT. That restriction
applies to preclude the submission of your name even on invoices except as to a pre-
existing contract that would not involve a unit where you previously worked. See,
Abrams - Webster, supra.
With regard to the PTC, you are advised that such is considered a separate
governmental body from PennDOT. Based upon the facts which you have submitted,
the restrictions of Section 1103((gq)) would only apply to restrict you as to PennDOT; they
would not restrict you as to the FTC.
Turning to your inquiries as to dealing with municipalities that use local, state, or
federal funding, and the potential for offering your services to other state, federal, or
local agencies located within PennDOT District 3 -0 and other Districts, you are advised
that you would not be prohibited from working with municipalities that would utilize state
funds, provided that in performing such services, no prohibited contacts would occur as
to PennDOT and no written materials containing your name would be submitted to as set
PennDOT, except to the narrow he same as extent permitted servces by other state, feeal or
forth above. The answer would be
local agencies.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 1103(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no use
of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section 1103(a) of
the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics
Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public official /employee
would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to
imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: As a Senior Civil Engineer Supervisor for the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation ( "PennDOT "), you would be considered a
"public employee" subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S.
§1101 et seq. ( "Ethics Act "). Upon termination of service with PennDOT, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act. The
former governmental body would be PennDOT in its entirety. The restrictions as to
representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety of the proposed conduct
has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
KlinQerman, 00 -589
July 7, 2000
Page 6
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the year
after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actuall
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h ). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an
appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the
dismissal of the appeal.
incerely,
Vincent J. dopko
Chief Counsel
D arko