HomeMy WebLinkAbout00-519 LearyWilliam G. Leary, Jr.
204 West Crawford Street
Ebensburg, PA 15931
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1- 800 - 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
February 15, 2000
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Member; President; Vice - President; Borough;
Council; Immediate Family Member; Father; Roadcrew; Contract Negotiations;
Vote.
Dear Mr. Leary:
This responds to your letter of January 11, 2000 by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa.C.S. §1101 seq., presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a member of
borough council as to serving on council when his father is a borough employee and
voting on contract negotiations when his father is a member of the union covered by
the contract.
Facts: You are a Member of the Council for Ebensburg Borough ( "Borough ").
Your father is part of the Borough's road crew. Your father was a Borough employee
before you ran for a seat on Council.
While you do not believe that you would have a conflict in serving on Borough
Council when your father is a Borough employee, you ask for an advisory because the
issue has been raised by another Council Member. As a Council Member, you ask to
what extent you may become involved in contract negotiations and other matters
related to your father's union. You have been told that you may not participate in
anything related to your father.
The Borough Council recently held its reorganization meeting. You were
interested in running for the office of Vice - President of Borough Council. The same
Council Member referred to above told the other Members that you were ineligible to
hold any office because your father works for the Borough. You ask whether you
would be eligible to hold the office of Vice - Pre or President of Borough Council
when your father is a Borough employee.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and
1107(11) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the
requestor based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the
advisory based upon the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission
FAX: (717) 787 - 0806 • Web Site: www.ethics.state.pa.us • e - mail: ethics @state_pa.us
00 -519
Leary, 00 -519
February 15, 2000
Page 2
does not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as
to facts which have not been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully
disclose all of the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§1107(10), (11).
An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed
all of the material facts.
As a Member of Council for the Borough of Ebensburg, you are a public official
as that term is defined in the Ethics Act, and hence you are subject to the provisions
of that Act.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
Section 1103. Restricted activities.
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
Section 1102. Definitions.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. The term does not
include an action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the public official
or public employee, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary
to the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to
a particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
In addition, Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that
no person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no
public, official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon
the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
Leary, 00 -519
February 15, 2000
Page 3
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
Section 1 103. Restricted activities.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the
following procedure shall be employed. Any public official
or public employee who in the discharge of his official
duties would be required to vote on a matter that would
result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and,
prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a
written memorandum filed with the person responsible for
recording the minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body would be
unable to take any action on a matter before it because the
number of members of the body required to abstain from
voting under the provisions of this section makes the
majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote
if disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the
case of a three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained from voting
as a result of a conflict of interest, and the remaining two
members of the governing body have cast opposing votes,
the member who has abstained shall be permitted to vote
to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise
provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(j).
In . each instance of a conflict, Section 1 103(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for
same, both orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person
recording the minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided
the disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter,
pursuant to Section 1 103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or
a business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated. The term
"immediate family" is defined to include a parent, spouse, child, brother or sister.
Because your father is in one of the familial relationships delineated above, he is a
member of your immediate family.
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February 15, 2000
Page 4
Turning to your question as to whether you may be a Borough Council Member
when your father is a Borough employee, you are advised that the Ethics Act would
not prohibit you from remaining in your current position. However, Section 1 103(a)
of the Ethics Act would prohibit you from using the authority of your position as a
Member of Borough Council or confidential information for the private pecuniary
benefit of yourself, a member of your immediate family, or a business with which you
or a member of your immediate family is associated. As stated above, in each
instance of a conflict of interest, you would have to abstain and observe the disclosure
requirements of Section 1 103(j) of the Ethics Act.
With regard to your question as to whether you may serve as Vice - President or
President of Borough Council, the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from so doing.
However, in Tight of the prohibitions set forth in Section 1103(a), you could not vote
to appoint yourself to those positions if they were compensated positions. In Snyder
v. State Ethics Commission, 68 A.2d 843 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1996), the
Commonwealth Court affirmed an Order of the State Ethics Commission which found
that a township supervisor violated Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law by discussing and
voting on issues in which he had a private pecuniary interest. Similarly, you would
have a financial interest in being appointed to the compensated positions of Vice -
President or President. Because you would financially benefit by being appointed Vice -
President or President, you would have a conflict of interest in such matter and would
have to abstain and observe the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the
Ethics Act.
With regard to your question as to whether may participate in contract
negotiations and other matters dealing with your father's union, the Commission, in
Van Rensler, Opinion 90 -017, applied Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law in addressing an
issue similar to the one you now pose. The issue in Van Rensler was whether the
Ethics Law would prohibit school directors, whose members of their immediate family
were school district employees represented by bargaining units, from participating on
a negotiating team and voting on a collective bargaining unit.
The Commission held that the Ethics Law would not restrict the school directors
from voting on the finalized agreement, but would preclude their participation in
negotiations leading up to the finalized agreement. The Commission explained that the
school directors could vote on the finalized agreement because of the exclusion in the
definition of "conflict" which applies if the immediate family member is a member of
a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group containing more than
one member and the immediate family member is affected to the same degree as all
the other members of the subclass. The Commission stated that as long as the two
prerequisites for applying the exclusion were met, the school directors could vote on
the final collective bargaining agreement.
Applying Van Rensler to your question, an initial determination must be made
as to whether the class /subclass exclusion applies. In order for that exclusion to
apply, your father must be in a class /subclass consisting of more than one person and
be affected to the same degree as the other members of the class /subclass. Assuming
there are other individuals besides your father who are members of the road crew, in
a matter coming before Borough Council that would financially impact your father and
the other road crew members, such as an increase in their salaries or benefits to the
same degree, the class /subclass exception to the definition of conflict of interest
would apply, and you would not be precluded from voting on such matter. It must be
noted that under Van Rensler, you would not be prohibited from voting on the finalized
contract. However, you would be precluded from participating in the negotiations
leading up to such finalized agreement or receiving confidential information regarding
Leary, 00 -519
February 15, 2000
Page 5
the same because of the possibility of your influence in the Council Members' decision
as to the direction and outcome of the negotiation process. See, Van Rensler, supra.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code
of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the respective municipal code.
Conclusion: As a Member of Council for the Borough of Ebensburg, you are a
public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §1101 seg. The Ethics Act would not preclude you from
remaining in your position as a Member of Borough Council. However, you would
have a conflict of interest in matters before Borough Council that would financially
benefit your father. In such instances, you would be required to abstain and observe
the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act. Assuming there are
other road crew members besides your father, in situations where your official action
would affect your father and the other road crew members to the same degree, the
class /subclass exclusion to the definition of conflict of interest would apply, and you
would be permitted to participate in such matters. In particular, where the
class /subclass exclusion would apply, you would be permitted, based on Van Rensler,
to vote on the ratification of the union contract, but would be precluded from
participating in the negotiations leading to the finalized contract or receiving
confidential information regarding the same.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h 1. The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by
FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the
Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of the
appeal.
erely,
okh
Vincent J.'Dopko
Chief Counsel