HomeMy WebLinkAbout99-615 SnyderJack C. Snyder
102 Mogan Ave.
Elkland, PA 16920
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1- 800 - 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
October 6, 1999
99 -615
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Public Employee; Borough; Council Member; Borough
Police; Simultaneous Service; Union; Contract.
Dear Sgt. Snyder:
This responds to your letter of August 25, 1999, by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act ")
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a borough police sergeant, if elected to
council, regarding participation in matters involving the borough police.
Facts: You are employed by Elkland Borough as a Sergeant for its Police
Department, a two man police force. You intend to run for a seat on the Borough
Council in the November election.
You have been told that as a member of Borough Council and the Police Union,
you will not be able to vote on police business including the new three year police
union contract. You state that you will abstain from voting on such matters.
You ask for an advisory regarding the above.
Discussion: If you were elected Borough Council Member, you would be a
"public official" as that term is defined in the Ethics Act and hence you would be
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. 65 Pa.C.S. §1102; 51 Pa. Code § 1 1.1.
Sections 1 103(a) and 1 103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
Section 1103. Restricted activities.
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the
FAX: (717) 787 -0806 • Web Site: www.ethics.state.pa.us • e -mail: ethics @state.pa.us
Snyder, 99 -615
October 6, 1999 -
Page 2
following procedure shall be employed. Any public official
or public employee who in the discharge of his official
duties would be required to vote on a matter that would
result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and,
prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a
written memorandum filed with the person responsible for
recording the minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body would be
unable to take any action on a matter before it because the
number of members of the body required to abstain from
voting under the provisions of this section makes the
majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote
if disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the
case of a three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained from voting
as a result of a conflict of interest, and the remaining two
members of the governing body have cast opposing votes,
the member who has abstained shall be permitted to vote
to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise
provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§1103(a), (j).
The following terms that pertain to conflicts of interest under the Ethics Act are
defined as follows:
Section 1102. Definitions.
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. The term does not
include an action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the public official
or public employee, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary
to the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to
a particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the question of whether
you, if elected to Borough Council, would be permitted to simultaneously serve as
Snyder, 99 -615
October 6, 19 99 -
Page 3
Sergeant for the Police Department, it is initially noted that the General Assembly has
the constitutional power to declare by law which offices are incompatible. Pa.Const.
Art. 6, §2.
A conflict of interest exists under the Ethics Act where a pecuniary benefit or
financial gain results from holding incompatible positions simultaneously. The
Commission has determined that if a particular statutory enactment prohibits an official
from receiving a particular pecuniary benefit or financial gain, then that official's
receipt of same, through the authority of public office, is unauthorized in law and
therefore, contrary to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act.
In this case, in order to determine whether simultaneous service in the positions
in question is precluded, the Borough Code, 53 P.S. §45101 at seq., ( "Code ") must
be reviewed.
Appointments; incompatible offices
Unless there is incompatibility in fact, any elective or appointive
officer of the borough shall be eligible to serve on any board,
commission, bureau or other agency created by or for the borough, or
any borough office created or authorized by statute and may accept
appointments thereunder, but no mayor or councilman shall receive
compensation therefor. No elected borough official of a borough with a
population of 3,000 or more may serve as an employe of that borough.
Where there is no incompatibility in fact, and subject to the foregoing
provisions as to compensation, appointees of council may hold two or
more appointive borough offices, but no mayor or member of council may
serve as borough manager or as secretary or treasurer. . Nothing
herein contained shall affect the eligibility of any borough official to hold
any other public office or receive compensation therefor.
53 P.S. §46104.
Pursuant to Section 46104 of the Code, if a Council member were to accept
compensation not authorized in law for performing certain duties, such compensation
would be considered a private pecuniary benefit contrary to Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act. In Boroughs having a population of 3,000 or more, Section 1 103(a) would
prohibit a Council member from also serving as a Borough employee. You have not
submitted information as to the population of Elkland Borough. Nonetheless, assuming
its population is less than 3,000, no prohibition as to Borough employment would exist
under the Code and therefore, if you were elected to Council, you could also be
employed as Sergeant for the Police Department under Section 1 103(a) of the Ethics
Act.
Turning to your specific question as to whether you would be permitted to vote
on police business, in particular, the new three year police union contract, you are
advised that pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public
employee is prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or
confidential information received by holding such public position for the private
pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his
immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
The Commission, in Van Rensler, Opinion No. 017, applied Section 1 103(a) in
addressing an issue similar to the one posed above. The issue in Van Rensler was
Snyder, 99 -615
October 6, 1999 -
Page 4
whether the Ethics Law would prohibit school directors, whose members of their
immediate family were school district employees represented by bargaining units, from
participating on a negotiating team and voting on a collective bargaining agreement.
The Commission held that the Ethics Law would not restrict the school directors
from voting on the finalized agreement, but would preclude their participation in
negotiations leading up to the finalized agreement. The Commission explained that the
school directors could vote on the finalized agreement because of the exclusion in the
definition of "conflict" which applies if the immediate family member is a member of
a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group containing more than
one member and the immediate family member is affected to the same degree as all
the other members of the subclass. The Commission stated that as long as the two
prerequisites for applying the exclusion were met, the school directors could vote on
the final collective bargaining agreement.
The Commission's holding that the Ethics Law would preclude the school
directors from participating in negotiations was based on its reasoning that "by being
part of the negotiating team which is part of their public position, the school directors
would be necessarily privy to confidential information concerning the bargaining units
of which their family members are parts." Van Rensler, at 4.
Applying Van Rensler first to the question of whether you may participate in
matters involving police business, an initial determination must be made as to whether
the class /subclass exclusion to applies. In order for that exclusion to apply, you must
be in a class /subclass consisting of more than one person and be affected to the same
degree as the other members of the class /subclass. You state that the Elkland
Borough Police Department is a two man police force. Thus, in a matter coming
before Council which would financially impact both you and the other police officer,
such as an increase in your salaries to the same degree, the class /subclass exception
to the definition of conflict of interest would apply, and you would not be precluded
from voting on such matter.
On the issue of whether you may participate or vote on the three year police
union contract, if the class /subclass exclusion would apply, the Ethics Act would not
prohibit you from voting on the finalized contract. However, you would be precluded
from participating in the negotiations leading to such finalized agreement or receiving
confidential information regarding same because of the possibility of your influence in
Council's decision as to the direction and outcome of the negotiation process. See,
Van Rensler, supra.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: If elected as a Council member for Elkland Borough, you would be
a "public official" subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. You may, consistent
with Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, simultaneously serve in the positions of
Sergeant and Council Member, subject to the restrictions, conditions and qualifications
set forth above. In matters before the Borough which would financially impact you
and the other police officer to the exact same degree, the class /subclass exception to
the definition of conflict of interest would apply, and you would be permitted to
participate in such matters. As for matters involving the three year police union
contract, you would be permitted, based on Van Rensler, to vote on the ratification of
Snyder, 99 -615
October 6, 1999 -
Page 5
the contract, but would be precluded from participating in the negotiations leading to
the finalized contract or receiving confidential information regarding same.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed course of conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1 107(1 1), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
erely,
r
Vincent .J: Dopko
Chief Counsel