HomeMy WebLinkAbout99-565 RowanJames J. Rowan, III, P.E.
120 Governors Drive
Wallingford, PA 19086
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1- 800 - 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
June 30, 1999
99 -565
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 1103(g); District Bridge Engineer; Senior Civil
Engineer Manager; Civil Engineer 5 (Bridges); PennDOT.
Dear Mr. Rowan:
This responds to your letter of May 25, 1999 by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa.C.S. §1101 gt fig., presents any restrictions upon employment of a District Bridge
Engineer, classified as a Senior Civil Engineer Manager (Civil Engineer 5), following
termination of service with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of
Transportation ( "PennDOT ").
Facts: As of June 11, 1999 you are resigning from your position as the District
Bridge Engineer for Engineering District 6 of PennDOT, to accept employment with an
area consulting engineering firm.
Copies of your job description, job classification specifications, and
organizational chart have been obtained from PennDOT and are incorporated herein by
reference. It is noted that in your position as the District Bridge Engineer for
Engineering District 6 of PennDOT you have been classified as a Senior Civil Engineer
Manager (Civil Engineer 5 (Bridges)).
You are requesting advice as to the following three areas: (1) involvement with
bridge and culvert inspections; (2) engineering activities funded by liquid fuel tax
expenditures for municipal and county governments; and (3) involvement with
PennDOT design work.
You state that federal law requires regular safety inspection of all bridges
(structures with spans of 20 feet or more) which are situated on roads open for public
use. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) reimburses local governments for
80% of the cost to inspect and prepare reports that document the condition of their
bridges. The remaining 20% cost is borne by the local government. PennDOT, acting
as agent for FHWA, is involved in local bridge inspection activities in at least one and
many times in two ways, financial and technical.
FAX: (717) 787 -0806 • Web Site: www.ethics.state.pa.us • e -mail: ethics @state.pa.us
Rowan, 99 -565
June 30, 1999
Page 2
Under the jurisdiction of the District Bridge Engineer, PennDOT reviews the
reasonableness of the cost to inspect and prepare the condition reports and is a
conduit to reimburse federal funds to local governments for these activities. PennDOT
also determines the adequacy and completeness of the reports before a summary of
the inspection results is sent to the FHWA. Inspection of culverts (structures with
spans less than 20 feet) are not subject to Federal regulation and condition reports are
not submitted to either PennDOT or the FHWA.
You state your presumption that either representing a local government or
participating in safety inspections and report preparation activities for bridges would
be a prohibited activity for you as a former public employee, for a one year period.
However, you note that some local governments choose not to participate in the 80%
FHWA reimbursement program. You pose two questions: (1) whether you could be
involved in either representing a local government or participating in safety inspection
and report preparation activities for bridges where the local government would choose
not to participate in the 80% FHWA reimbursement program; and (2) whether,
pursuant Section 1103(g), you could be involved with culvert inspections on behalf of
local government organizations.
Your second area of inquiry involves liquid fuel tax expenditures by local
governments. You state that PennDOT distributes state gas tax revenue to municipal
governments based upon a prescribed formula established by the Legislature.
Additionally, PennDOT is obligated to monitor liquid fuel tax expenditures by local
governments to verify that funds are being spent on highway - related activities. Such
activities range from purchasing maintenance or construction equipment to preparing
design plans and funding construction of road and bridge work.
You state that because of your former public employee status, it is apparent that
involvement with inspection, design, construction or maintenance activities funded
entirely or in part by liquid fuel tax funds would be a prohibited activity for one year.
However, you note that there are local road and bridge projects that are funded by
general revenues or block grants from sources other than PennDOT and are not subject
to review or monitoring by PennDOT. You ask for confirmation or clarification of the
legality of your involvement with inspection of culverts and design, construction or
maintenance activities for bridges or culverts on behalf of a local government where
federal or state transportation funds or liquid fuel tax funds are not used.
Your final area of inquiry involves the timing when direct involvement with
PennDOT work as a consultant would be permitted. You ask whether your name may
appear in a proposal to do work for PennDOT before the one year period of
applicability of Section 1103(g) has expired if, by PennDOT's own schedule, the
notice -to- proceed work date is after the one year period will have elapsed.
Discussion: In the former capacity as the District Bridge Engineer for
Engineering District 6 of PennDOT, classified as a Senior Civil Engineer Manager (Civil
Engineer, 5 (Bridges)), you would be considered a "public employee" subject to the
Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S.
§1102; 51 Pa.Code §11.1. This conclusion is based upon the job description, which
when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates clearly that the power exists to take
or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to one or more
of the following: contracting; procurement; planning; inspecting; administering or
monitoring grants; leasing; regulating; auditing; or other activities where the economic
impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of another person.
Rowan, 99 -565
June 30, 1999
Page 3
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a "former
public employee" subject to Section 1 103(g) of the Ethics Act. The restrictions of
Section 1 103(g) shall initially be set forth, and then your specific inquiries shall be
addressed.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official /public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public
official /public employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the
governmental body with which he has been associated ":
Section 1103. Restricted activities.
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
Section 1102. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations
and other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name
Rowan, 99 -565
June 30, 1999
Page 4
of the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior
to termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams /Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to
the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1 103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence or control
but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No.
15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you have been associated upon termination
of public service is PennDOT in its entirety, including but not limited to Engineering
District 6. Therefore, for the first year after termination of your service with PennDOT,
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict "representation" of
"persons" before PennDOT.
Your specific inquiries shall now be addressed.
In response to the questions posed as to your first and second areas of inquiry,
regarding the representation of local governments and /or involvement with inspection,
report preparation, design, construction or maintenance work as to bridges or culverts
where due to the funding sources, PennDOT would not be involved, you are advised
that conditioned upon the assumptions that your proposed involvement would in fact
not involve representation before PennDOT in any way and that you would be able to
perform such duties within the restrictions of 1 103(g) as set forth above, the Ethics
Act would not prohibit the proposed conduct.
Rowan, 99 -565
June 30, 1999
Page 5
In response to your final area of inquiry involving the timing aspect, specifically
whether your name may appear on a proposal to do work for PennDOT before the one
year period of applicability of Section 1103(g) has expired if, by PennDOT's own
schedule, the notice -to- proceed work date is after the one year period will have
elapsed, you are advised that such inclusion of your name on the proposal would be
prohibited. The statutory definition of "represent" specifically includes as an example
of prohibited conduct under Section 1103(g) the submitting of bid or contract
proposals which are signed by or contain the name of the former public official or
public employee. Under the question as you have posed it, your name would appear
in a proposal submitted to PennDOT during the one year period of applicability of
Section 1 103(g), and therefore such would be expressly prohibited by Section 1 103(g)
of the Ethics Act.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 1103(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no
use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section
1 103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1 103(c)
of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: In the former capacity as a District Bridge Engineer for Engineering
District 6 of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation
( "PennDOT "), you would be considered a "public employee" subject to the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §1101 e 5_0_ . ( "Ethics Act "). Upon
termination of service with PennDOT, you would become a "former public employee"
subject to Section 1 103(g) of the Ethics Act. The former governmental body would
be PennDOT in its entirety, including but not limited to Engineering District 6. The
restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety of the
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the
year after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1 107(1 1), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
Rowan, 99 -565
June 30, 1999
Page 6
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
6v-,f
rely,
Vincent .):' Do ko
Chief Counsel