HomeMy WebLinkAbout99-521 ConfidentialSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1- 800 - 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 10, 1999
99 -521
Re: Former Public Official /Public Employee; Section 1103(g); Executive -Level State
Employee; Section 1103(i); Computer Systems Analyst 4; Office A.
This responds to your letter of February 17, 1999 by which you requested
confidential advice from the State Ethics Commission.
)slue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act presents any
restrictions upon employment of a computer systems analyst 4 following termination
of service with Office A.
Facts: Prior to your present position, you were employed by the Commonwealth
as B.
You are currently employed by Office A. In this capacity, you manage or have
participated in developing several Commonwealth projects: C.
You have also managed several D projects.
You state that you have no contact with vendors other than with the
preapproved vendors for E projects and only occasional contact with other
(Commonwealth) agencies in answering Internet questions or in monthly meetings.
A "big eight consulting firm" is interested in hiring you as an Information
Technology Manager in its "Harrisburg public practice," which deals specifically with
state and local governments and regularly bids on projects in all three branches of
State government. You state your understanding that you "would not be able to work
on projects dealing with Office A," but question if you may be involved in work with
other Commonwealth agencies.
You ask for a confidential advisory from the State Ethics Commission as to
whether, following retirement from Commonwealth employment, you may be
employed as a consultant for a private consulting firm that does business with the
Commonwealth.
Discussion: As Computer Systems Analyst 4 for Office A, you would be
considered a public employee and an "executive -level State employee" subject to the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act ") and the Regulations of the State
Ethics Commission. See, 65 Pa.C.S. §1102; 51 Pa.Code § 1 1.1.
FAX: (717) 787 -0806 • Web Site: www.ethics.state.pa.us • e -mail: ethicsc)state.pa.us
Confidential, 99 -521
March 10, 1999
Page 2
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a former
public official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to
the restrictions of Section 1 103(g) and Section 1 103(i) of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(i) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
Section 1 103. Restricted activities.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(i).
(i) Former executive -level employee. - -No former
executive -level State employee may for a period of two
years from the time that he terminates employment with
this Commonwealth be employed by, receive compensation
from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a
business or corporation that he actively participates in
recruiting to this Commonwealth or that he actively
participated in inducing to open a new plant, facility or
branch in this Commonwealth or that he actively
participated in inducing to expand an existent plant or
facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the above
prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment or
inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money or
a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand.
Section 1103(i) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee
to accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following
termination of State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of
Section 1103(i) apply even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where
the business in question is a client of the new employer, rather than the new employer
itself. See, Confidential Opinion No. 94 -011. However, Section 1103(i) would not
restrict you from being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting; or acting
in a representative capacity for the private consulting firm provided and conditioned
upon the assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting the private
consulting firm to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in recruiting
or inducing the private consulting firm to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in
Pennsylvania, through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of
money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the private consulting firm.
Unlike Section 1103(i), Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public
official /public employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does
restrict the former public official /public employee with regard to "representing" a
"person" before "the governmental body with which he has been associated ":
Section 1103. Restricted activities.
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(g) (Emphasis added).
Confidential, 99 -521
March '10, 1999
Page 3
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
Section 1 102. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations
and other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name
of the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior
to termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre - existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams /Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
Confidential, 99 -521
March 10, 1999
Page 4
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to
the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1 103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence or control
but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No.
15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you would be associated upon termination
of public service is Office A in its entirety. Therefore, for the first year after
termination of your service with Office A, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would
apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before Office A.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Sections 1 103(g) and 1 103(i) only. It is expressly assumed that there
has been no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1 103(b) and
1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or
judgment of the public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any
transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: Upon termination of service as with Office A, you would become
a former public official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee
subject to the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Public Official
and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 11. Under Section
1103(i) of the Ethics Act, you would not be prohibited from being employed by,
receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a representative capacity for a
private consulting firm based upon the assumptions that you did not actively
participate in recruiting the private consulting firm to Pennsylvania, and that you did
not actively participate in recruiting or inducing the private consulting firm to open or
expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania through a grant or loan of money or
a promise of a grant or loan of money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With
regard to Section 1 103(g), the restrictions as outlined above must be followed. The
former governmental body would be Office A. The propriety of the proposed conduct
has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Confidential, 99 -521
March 10, 1999
Page 5
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the
year after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal
appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will
be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the
Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51
Pa. Code §13. 2(h). The appeal may be received at the Commission by hand
delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 -787-
0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days
may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
rely,
ncent l iDopko
Chief Counsel