HomeMy WebLinkAbout99-512 ConfidentialSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
(717) 783 -1610
1- 800 - 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
February 22, 1999
99 -51-2
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Immediate Family; School Director; School
District B; Son; Superintendent; Vacancy.
This responds to your letter of January 28, 1999 by which you requested
confidential advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act presents any
prohibition or restrictions upon a school director with regard to participating in actions
of the school board to hire a superintendent where his son is an applicant for the
position.
Facts: You have been authorized by Mr. A to request a confidential advisory on
his behalf from the State Ethics Commission.
Mr. A is a School Director for School District B ( "School District "). His son has
applied for the announced vacant position of School District Superintendent.
You ask for an advisory as to whether Mr. A may participate in School Board
discussions, interviews, and /or votes regarding the applicants, either including or
excluding his son, for the position of Superintendent. You also inquire as to whether
Mr. A should do anything more than announce his conflict and abstain from voting if
his son is nominated for the position. You ask that the Commission provide further
direction if Mr. A is found to have a conflict.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and
1007(11) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S.
§§1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based upon the facts which
the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts which the
requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent
investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not been
submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the. inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§1107(10), (1 1). An advisory only affords
a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a School Director for School District B, Mr. A is a public official as that term
is defined in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), and hence Mr.
A is subject to the provisions of that Act.
Section 1 103(a) of the Ethics Act provides:
FAX : (717) 787 -0806 • Web Site: www.ethics.state.pa.us • e -mail: sec @state.pa.us
Confidential, 99 -512
February 22, 1999
Page 2
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(a).
Section 1103. Restricted activities.
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
The following terms that pertain to Section 1 103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act
as follows:
Section 1102. Definitions.
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. The term does not
include an action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the public official
or public employee, a member of his immediate family or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary
to the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to
a particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother or
sister.
65 Pa.C.S. §1102.
Section 1 103(j) of the Ethics Act provides as follows:
Section 1103. Restricted activities.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the
following procedure shall be employed. Any public official
or public employee who in the discharge of his official
duties would be required to vote on a matter that would
result in a conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and,
prior to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a public record in a
written memorandum filed with the person responsible for
recording the minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body would be
unable to take any action on a matter before it because the
Confidential, 99 -512
February 22, 1999
Page 3
number of members of the body required to abstain from
voting under the provisions of this section makes the
majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to vote
if disclosures are made as otherwise provided herein. In the
case of a three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained from voting
as a result of a conflict of interest, and the remaining two
members of the governing body have cast opposing votes,
the member who has abstained shall be permitted to vote
to break the tie vote if disclosure is made as otherwise
provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §1103(j).
In each instance of a conflict, Section 1103(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for
same, both orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person
recording the minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided
the disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91-523-S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, Section
1 103(a) of the Ethics Act would prohibit a public official /public employee from using
the authority of public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public
official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
Since the term "immediate family" is defined to include a parent, spouse, child,
brother or sister and since Mr. A's son is in one of the familial relationships delineated
above, Section 1 103(a) of the Ethics Act would prohibit Mr. A from participating in
actions of the School Board to hire a new School District Superintendent where his son
is an applicant for the position. Davis, Opinion 89 -012. If Mr. A were to participate,
such action would be a conflict of interest in contravention of Section 1 103(a) of the
Ethics Act, because Mr. A would be using the authority of office for the private
pecuniary benefit of his son. In each instance of such a conflict of interest, Mr. A
would be required to abstain and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section
1 103(j) set forth above.
As to your specific inquiry as to whether Mr. A may participate in actions of the
School Board regarding applicants other than his son, Section 1 103(a) would prohibit
any use of authority of office or confidential information received by being in the
position of School Board Director for the private pecuniary benefit of an immediate
family member or for the elimination of a competitor to the immediate family member.
See, Pepper, Opinion No. 87 -008. Therefore, Mr. A could not participate in actions of
the School Board not only as to his son, but as to all applicants because actions
involving discussions, selection criteria, qualifications, and interviews may be used to
enhance the selection of his son or to eliminate the competitors against his son as to
the superintendent position.
Confidential, 99 -512
February 22, 1999
Page 4
As to your specific inquiry as to what actions, in addition to announcing his
conflict and abstaining from voting on his son's nomination, would be required of Mr.
A, see the requirements of Section 1 103(j) outlined above.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: As a School Director of School District B ( "School District "), Mr.
A is a public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §101 at seq.
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act would prohibit Mr. A from participating in
actions of the School Board to hire a new School District Superintendent where his,
is an applicant for the position because his son is a member of his immediate fmily
as that term is defined under the Ethics Act. In each instance of a conflict of interest,
Mr. A would be required to abstain and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of
Section 1 103(j) set forth above.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A
personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h ). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by
FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the
Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of the
appeal.
rely,
ncent ' op o
Chief Counsel