HomeMy WebLinkAbout98-625 AfflerbachHonorable Roy C. Afflerbach
Senate of Pennsylvania
Senate Box 203016, Main Capitol Bldg.
Harrisburg, PA 1 71 20 -301 6
Dear Senator Afflerbach:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
(717) 783 -1610
1- 800 - 932 -0936
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 17, 1998
98 -625
Re: Former Public Official; Section 1103(g); Senator; Consultation /Representation;
Law Firm.
This responds to your letter of November 16, 1998 by which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act presents any
restrictions upon employment of a Senator following termination of service with the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Facts: You currently serve as a Senator of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Your term ends on November 30, 1998. It is your intention to provide consultation
services and representation to individuals and organizations with respect to various
govemment entities, commencing December 1, 1998. You state that although you are
not an attorney, you will be providing such services in association with a law firm.
You ask for an advisory from the State Ethics Commission as to the restrictions
that will apply to you following termination of your service as a Pennsylvania Senator.
Discussion: As a Senator for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, you are a
"public official" subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act ")
and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission. See, Act 93 of 1998, Chapter
11; 51 Pa. Code § 1 1.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you will become a "former
public official" subject to Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act.
While Section 1103(g) does not prohibit a former public official /public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public
official /public employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the
governmental body with which he has been associated ":
FAX : (717) 787 -0806 • Web Site: www.ethics.state.Da.us • e -mail: sec@state.pa.us
Afflerbach, 98 -625
December 17, 1998
Page 2
Act 93 of
The
official or
Ethics Act
Section 1103. Restricted activities.
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
1998, Chapter 11, §1103(g) (Emphasis added).
terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
as follows:
Section 1102. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
Act 93 of 1998, Chapter 1 1, §1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations
and other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name
of the former public official /public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who wilt provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior
Afflerbach, 98 -625
December 17, 1998
Page 3
to termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams /Webster,
Opinion 95 -011. •
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to
the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /public employee had influence or
control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you will have been associated upon
termination of public service is the Senate in its entirety. Therefore, for the first year
after termination of your service with the Senate, Section 1 103(g) of the Ethics Act
will apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before the Senate.
As for the fact that you intend to provide the proposed services in association
with a law firm, although Section 1103(g) does not apply to restrict an attorney to the
extent his conduct constitutes the practice of law, see, Pennsylvania Public Utility Bar
Association v. Thornburgh, 434 A.2d 1327 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1981), aff'd. per curiam,
498 Pa. 589; 450 A.2d 613 (1982) (dealing with a similar provision under Act 170
of 1978), such would not in any way affect the applicability of Section 1 103(g) to
you, because you are not an attorney.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 1 103(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no
use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section
1 103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c)
of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /public
employee and no public official /public employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or
judgment of the public official /public employee would be influenced thereby. Reference
is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any
transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
Afflerbach, 98 -625
December 17, 1998
Page 4
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Legislative Code of Ethics, 46 P.S. §143.1 gt aeg.
Conclusion: As a Senator for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, you are a
"public official" subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act ").
Upon termination of service with the Senate, you will become a "former public official"
subject to Section 1 103(g) of the Ethics Act. The former governmental body will be
the Senate. The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed. The
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Act would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the
year after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the.
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717 -787- 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal,
erely,
incent opko
Chief Counsel