HomeMy WebLinkAbout98-542 RugerAlmeda P. Ruger, CFCS, CRT
Pennsylvania College of Optometry
Feinbloom Vision Rehabilitation Center
1200 W. Godrey Ave.
Philadelphia, PA 19141 -3399
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 10, 1998
98 -542
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Rehabilitation Teacher; Department of
Public. Welfare (DPW); Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services (BVS); Low Vision
Therapist /Rehabilitation Instructor; William Feinbloom Vision Rehabilitation Center.
Dear Ms. Ruger:
This responds to your letter of March 9, 1998 by which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employe Ethics Law presents any
restrictions upon employment of a certified rehabilitation teacher following termination
of service with the Department of Public Welfare, Bureau of Blindness and Visual
Services.
Facts: - From January 12, 1994 through October 31, 1997, you were employed
by the Department of Public Welfare (DPW), in the Philadelphia office of the
Pennsylvania Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services (BVS), as a certified
"rehabilitation teacher" of the blind and visually impaired. As a "rehabilitation teacher"
for the State, you saw clients in their homes and focused solely on their ability to
perform daily living activities, such as cooking, cleaning, and self -care.
On November 3, 1997 you began your current position as a "low vision
therapist," also known as a "rehabilitation instructor," with the William Feinbloom
Vision Rehabilitation Center of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry (Feinbloom
Center) and, as such, you teach patients in the Center how to use low vision devices,
such as magnifiers, reading glasses, and electronic magnification systems, and you
assist patients in using their vision more effectively through non - optical devices, such
as reading stands, lighting filters, and sun lenses. You hold masters' degrees in both
Rehabilitation Teaching and Vision Rehabilitation, which you assert are separate
disciplines.
Although in your current position you function as a "low vision therapist," you
state that you were not allowed to function as such while employed by the State and
that the staff was never aware of your ability to function in this capacity.
Ruger, 98 -542
April 10, 1998
Page 2
Additionally, in your current position with the Feinbloom Center, you often
recommend that supervising doctors refer patients to your former employer, the BVS,
for rehabilitation teaching because you feel that the Feinbloom Center does not have
the resources to do it properly. You also state that the Feinbloom Center and BVS are
"allied agencies" and that your present supervisor as well as the Director of BVS are
aware of your situation.
Noting that there has been some question about a conflict of interest related to
you, you specifically request a "statement of clearance" from the State Ethics
Commission.
Copies of your most recent job description and job classification specifications
were obtained from DPW, which documents are incorporated herein by reference. It
is notes that according to your job description, your duties at DPW /BVS included
formulating individualized plans or instructions with client participation by developing
service objectives and course content, selecting equipment, and projecting the time for
completion of instruction. You also accounted for the inventory of teaching equipment
and supplies in order to keep a current listing of items to be purchased. According to
the job classification specifications for your former position, you had the authority to
assess individual client problems and needs, develop individualized plans of instruction
for each client to be served, and make recommendations based upon the client's need
regarding procuring adaptive aids and appliances.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10) and 7(11) of the
Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon
the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. §§407(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
It is further initially noted that pursuant to the same aforesaid Sections of the
Ethics Law, an opinion /advice may be given only as to prospective (future) conduct.
If the activity in question has already occurred, the Commission may not issue an
opinion /advice but any person may then submit a signed and sworn complaint which
will be investigated by the Commission if there are allegations of Ethics Law violations
by a person who is subject to the Ethics Law.
In this case, any question as to "conflict of interest" would necessarily involve
past conduct. This is because under the Ethics Law, a conflict of interest involves the
use of the authority of the public position or confidential information obtained by being
in such position for a prohibited private pecuniary benefit (See, 65 P.S. §§402,
403(a)), such as for example, a new employment opportunity. Since you no longer
work for DPW but rather, work for the Feinbloom Center, any question as to conflict
of interest would necessarily involve past conduct, and therefore could not be
addressed within the scope of this advisory. Morever, there is no such thing as a
"statement of clearance" issued by the State Ethics Commission.
However, based upon your job description and the job classification
specifications for your former position with DPW, it appears that you would be
considered a "former public employee" such that your future conduct would be subject
to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. It appears that a person in your prior position would
have discretionary authority, pursuant to the job description and /or the job
classification specifications, to select services /equipment from among various vendors,
Ruger, 98 -542
April 10, 1998
Page 3
and that therefore, you would be considered a "public employee" in your former
position (See, Rinehart- Pasda, Opinion No. 92 -006; see also, Schmidt, Opinion No. 93-
008) and a "former public employee" now. This advisory assumes that you are such.
Therefore the restrictions of Section 3(g) shall be set forth below in order to provide
a complete response to your inquiry.
Although Section 3(g) does not prohibit a former public official /public employee
from accepting a position of employment, it does restrict the former public
official /public employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before "the
governmental body with which he has been associated ":
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public employee
shall represent a person, with promised or actual
compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he
leaves that body.
65 P.S. §403(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Law as follows:
65 P.S. §402.
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes the former public
employee himself, Confidential Opinion 93 -005, as well as a new governmental
employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name
Ruger, 98 -542
April 10, 1998
Page 4
of the former public official /public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 3(g)
also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public official /public
employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former governmental
body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to termination
of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing contract does
not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name of the former
public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the regulations of the
agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams /Webster, Opinion 95 -01 1.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to
the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 3(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with regard
to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /public employee had influence or
control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you have been associated upon termination
of public service is the Department of Public Welfare (DPW) in its entirety, including
but not limited to the Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services (BVS). Therefore, for the
first year after termination of your service with DPW, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law
would apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before DPW in its entirety,
including but not limited to BVS.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 3(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no use
of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section 3(a) of
the Ethics Law. Further, you are advised that Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /public employee and no
public official /public employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /public employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these
provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
Ruger, 98 -542
April 10, 1998
Page 5
code of conduct other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: Based upon the assumption that in the former capacity as a
certified rehabilitation teacher for the Department of Public Welfare (DPW), Bureau of
Blindness and Visual Services (BVS), you would be considered a "public employee" as
defined in the Ethics Law, upon termination of service with DPW, you became a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The former
governmental body is DPW in its entirety, including but not limited to BVS. The
restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety of the
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Law would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the
year after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
Sj ere
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel