HomeMy WebLinkAbout98-539 DownsApril 2, 1998
Dear Ms. Downs:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
Judith A. Downs, Director
Bureau of Community Planning and Development
City Hall, 21 Seneca St.
Oil City, PA 16301
98 -539
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Bureau of Community Planning and
Development, Third Class City, Council- Manager Form of Government, Private
Employment or Business, Contract, Housing Authority, Environmental Studies.
This responds to your letter of February 26, 1998 by which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employe Ethics Law presents any
prohibition or restrictions upon the director of a third class city's bureau of community
planning and development with regard to contracting in her private capacity to provide
environmental studies to a housing authority with which she has official dealings.
Facts: As the Director of the Bureau of Community Planning and Development
(Bureau) for the City of Oil City (Oil City), you seek an advisory from the State Ethics
Commission.
Oil City is a City of the Third Class and operates under the Optional Third Class
City Charter Law (See, 53 P.S. §41 101 .) pursuant to the Council- Manager plan
of government. Your Bureau was created pursuant to an Administrative Code, which
Oil City adopted by ordinance. You have enclosed a copy of Section 5 -20 of the
Administrative Code which sets forth the duties of your Bureau.
You note that Section 5- 20C(4) of the Administrative Code provides that the
Bureau is to cooperate and work with various authorities and commissions, including
the Oil City Housing Authority (Housing Authority). The Housing Authority is a
separate government entity and operates according to state laws pertaining to such
authorities. You state that you routinely work with the Oil City Housing Authority in
your capacity as Director of the Bureau.
Pursuant to the federal National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), the
Housing Authority is required to conduct environmental studies of proposed projects.
However, the Housing Authority has no in -house capability to conduct these
environmental studies. The Housing Authority is proposing that you provide such
services for a fee. It would appear that under the proposed arrangement, you would
Downs, 98 -539
April 2, 1998
Page 2
be contracting directly with the Housing Authority, although the facts which you have
submitted are somewhat unclear in this regard.
You ask whether your entering into such a service and professional contract
with the Housing Authority would present a conflict for you under the Ethics Law.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10) and 7(11) of the
Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon
the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. §§407(10), (1 1). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As the Director of the Bureau of Community Planning and Development of the
City of Oil City (Oil City), you are a public official /public employee subject to the
provisions of the Public Official and Employe Ethics Law ( "Ethics Law ").
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall
engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict
of interest" does not include an action having a de minimis
economic impact or which affects to the same degree a
class consisting of the general public or a subclass
consisting of an industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public employee, a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary
to the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to
a particular public office or position of public employment.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
Downs, 98 -539
April 2, 1998
Page 3
(j) Where voting conflicts are not otherwise
addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would
be required to vote on a matter that would result in a
conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the
vote being taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature
of his interest, as a public record in a written memorandum
filed with the person responsible for recording the minutes
of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any
action on a matter before it because the number of
members of the body required to abstain from voting under
the provisions of this section makes the majority or other
legally required vote of approval unattainable, then such
members shall be permitted to vote if disclosures are made
as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a three - member
governing body of a political subdivision, where one
member has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict
of interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the member who
has abstained shall be permitted to vote to break the tie
vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided herein.
In each instance of a conflict, Section 3(j) requires the public official /employee
to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and
by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes
or supervisor.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the facts which you have
submitted, Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would not prohibit you as a public
official /public employee from having outside business activities or employment.
However, as a public official /public employee, you would be prohibited from using the
authority of your public position — or confidential information obtained by being in that
position — for the advancement of your own private pecuniary benefit. Pancoe,
Opinion 89 -01 1. Examples of conduct that would be prohibited under Section 3(a)
would include: (1) the pursuit of a private business opportunity while acting in a public
capacity, Metrick, Order No. 1037; (2) the use of governmental facilities, such as
governmental telephones, postage, staff, equipment, research materials, or other
property, or the use of governmental personnel, to conduct private business activities,
Freind, Order No. 800; Pancoe, supra; and (3) the review in your public capacity of
work which you performed in your private capacity. Ferrero, Order No. 720; Miller,
Opinion No. 89 -024.
Additionally, if you would enter into the proposed contract to provide
compensated services to the Housing Authority, you would have a conflict of interest
in your official capacity as the Director of the Bureau in matters which would
financially impact upon the Housing Authority. This decision is based upon the
following analysis.
Although the Housing Authority, as a governmental body, would not be a
"business" with which you would be associated, it would be in a position to affect you
financially. In similar situations, the State Ethics Commission has held that such
reciprocal arrangements present a conflict of interest for the public official /public
Downs, 98 -539
April 2, 1998
Page 4
employee when matters come before him in his official capacity which would
financially impact the other party to such an arrangement.
In Bassi, Opinion No. 86- 007 -R, the State Ethics Commission held, inter alia,
that a County Commissioner (Edward Paluso) could not enter into a lease with a
municipal authority, where one of the members of the authority (Norman Carson) was
a county employee directly responsible to the commissioners of the county, unless the
execution of the lease was accomplished after an open and public process, with the
authority member abstaining from participating in the review and award of said lease,
and the county commissioner abstaining from participating in any matter relating to the
authority member in his position as a county employee. The Commission stated, inter
... we cannot ignore the fact that Mr. Carson is an authority member
and has influence and control over authority decisions. In this respect,
Mr. Carson, by voting on the final adoption of a lease, would be voting
on a matter directly related to his employer. Even though that employer
is another governmental body, we have held, in the past, that a public
official may not vote or participate in a matter if it somehow relates to a
financial interest which he may have. See, WeIz, 86 -001. In the instant
situation, Mr. Carson would be called upon to determine the advisability
of renting property for the authority. The property which they are seeking
to rent is owned by the individual or one of the individuals who currently
supervises him and controls his public employment with the county. As
a result of this, Mr. Carson, as an authority member, should abstain from
participating in any matter relating to this particular lease.
See, Bassi, 86 -007 at 3. The Commission further stated:
Mr. Paluso as a county commissioner, is, in part, responsible for the
general supervision of Mr. Carson. Mr. Carson, on the other hand, is an
authority member in a position to grant Mr. Paluso a lease which results
in Mr. Paluso receiving a financial gain. It may be difficult for the public
to perceive how Mr. Paluso's actions as a county official, would not
somehow be influenced by this potential leasing arrangement. It may be
argued that Mr. Paluso, in dealing with Mr. Carson, to date, has done so
in order to effect the favorable outcome of this lease. Additionally, it
could be argued that Mr. Carson voted in favor of the lease in order to
advance his position as a full -time county employee. The above factual
scenarios, while hypothetical in nature, nonetheless create the types of
conflicts of interest that are to be addressed by this Commission.
at 4.
In Woodrinq, Opinion No. 90 -001, the State Ethics Commission reviewed a
similar situation. Jesse Woodring, Chairman of the Sunbury Redevelopment Authority,
had applied to the City for a rehabilitation grant through the Federal Rental
Rehabilitation Program (hereinafter, the "Program "). Kenneth Pick, who was employed
as the Executive Director of the Redevelopment Authority (chaired by Woodring) also
served as the Community Development Coordinator for Sunbury. In the latter capacity,
Pick was administrator in charge of the Program for the City. Pick's functions included
administering the Program, reviewing all applications, and determining eligibility. The
Commission stated:
. we are concerned that Mr. Pick, who is an employee of the
Redevelopment Authority of which you are Chairman, has the duty of
Downs, 98 -539
April 2, 1998
Page 5
reviewing all applications and determining eligibility in his capacity as
Community Development Coordinator for the city. In particular, the
potential exists, given the employer - employee relationship between the
Redevelopment Authority and Mr. Pick, that your application might be
reviewed in a more favorable light than other applications. To forestall
such a situation, you must not participate or take any action as to Mr.
Pick if your application is approved and you receive benefits. Bassi,
Opinion 86 -007.
In addition, Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law would require you to
publicly note that you would have a conflict as to any matter involving
Mr. Pick. In addition, you must file a written memorandum to that effect
with the person responsible for recording the minutes.
Woodrinq, Opinion No. 90 -001 at 6.
Under the facts which you have submitted, the Ethics Law would not preclude
you from entering into a contract with the Housing Authority to provide environmental
studies as an outside business activity, subject to the restrictions of Sections 3(a) and
3(j) of the Ethics Law set forth above. If you would contract with the. Housing
Authority to provide such services for a fee, you would in your official capacity have
a conflict of interest in matters which would financially impact upon the Housing
Authority.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain from
participation and to fully satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j).
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code
of conduct other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Optional Third Class City Charter Law and /or the Administrative
Code of Oil City.
Conclusion: As Director of the Bureau of Community Planning and Development
(Bureau) for the City of Oil City (Oil City), you are a public official /public employee
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. Subject to the restrictions of Sections 3(a)
and 3(j) of the Ethics Law set forth above, the Ethics Law would not preclude you
from entering into a contract with the Oil City Housing Authority (Housing Authority),
which is a separate government entity from the City, to provide environmental studies
as an outside business activity. If you would contract with the Housing Authority to
provide such services for a fee, you would in your official capacity as Director of the
Bureau have a conflict of interest in matters before you which would financially impact
upon the Housing Authority.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain from
participation and to fully satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j).
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
Downs, 98 -539
April 2, 1998
Page 6
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal
appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will
be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the
Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51
Pa. Code §13.2(h ). The appeal may be received at the Commission by hand
delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 -787-
0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days
may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
S)Q cerely,
Vincent Dopko
Chief Counsel