HomeMy WebLinkAbout98-502 BenderJeannine M. Bender
4859 Hawthorne Road
Harrisburg, PA 17111
Re: Former Public Official /Public Employee; Section 3(g); Executive -Level State
Employee; Section 3(i); Legislative Liaison; Policy Director; Department of
Health.
Dear Ms. Bender:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
This responds to your letter of December 10, 1997 by which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employe Ethics Law presents any
restrictions upon employment of a Policy Director following termination of service with
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health.
Facts: As the former Policy Director for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Department of Health ( "Department of Health "), you seek an advisory from the State
Ethics Commission.
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
January 12, 1998
98 -502
You served as Policy Director from July, 1996 to August 27, 1997. Prior to
serving as Policy Director, you served as Legislative Liaison for the Department of
Health from August 1995 to July 1996.
You resigned from the Department of Health on August 27, 1997 and are
currently working for a financial services firm. However, you are considering accepting
a position as a lobbyist for a corporation.
You note that in May,1994, you previously left the Department of Public
Welfare to assume a lobbying position under similar circumstances, at which time you
obtained an advisory (Bender, Advice of Counsel No. 94 -588), detailing the restrictions
that applied to you at that time. You now seek an advisory as to the restrictions that
apply to you at this time.
Copies of your job classification specifications and organizational chart for your
position as Policy Director have been obtained and are incorporated herein by
reference. It is noted that your job classification was "Executive Policy Manager I."
Bender, 98 -502
January 12, 1998
Page 2
Copies of your job description and job classification specifications for your prior
position as a Legislative Liaison (classified as a Legislative Liaison 3) have also been
obtained and are incorporated herein by reference.
Discussion: In the former capacity as Policy Director for Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, Department of Health, you would be considered a public official /public
employee and an "executive -level State employee" subject to the Public Official and
Employe Ethics Law ( "Ethics 'Law ") and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission. See, 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa.Code § 1 1.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you became a former public
official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to the
restrictions of Section 3(g) and Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law.
Section 3(i) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
Section 3. Restricted Activities
(i) No former executive -level State employee may
for a period of two years from the time that he terminates
his State employment be employed by, receive
compensation from, assist or act in a representative
capacity for a business or corporation that he actively
participates in recruiting to the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania or that he actively participated in inducing to
open a new plant, facility or branch in the Commonwealth
or that he actively participated in inducing to expand an
existent plant or facility within the Commonwealth,
provided that the above prohibition shall be invoked only
when the recruitment or inducement is accomplished by a
grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of
money from the Commonwealth to the business or
corporation recruited or induced to expand.
Section 3(i) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee to
accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination
of State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 3(i) apply
even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where the business in
question is a client of the new employer, rather than the new employer itself. See,
‘Confidential Opinion No. 94 -01 1. However, Section 3(i) would not restrict you from
being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a
representative capacity for a corporation provided and conditioned upon the
assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting the corporation to
Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in recruiting or inducing the
corporation to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania, through a
grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the corporation.
Unlike Section 3(i), Section 3(g) does not prohibit a former public official /public
employee from accepting a position of employment. However, it does restrict the
Bender, 98 -502
January 12, 1998
Page 3
former public official /public employee with regard to "representing" a "person" before
"the governmental body with which he has been associated ":
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public employee
shall represent a person, with promised or actual
compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he
leaves that body.
65 P.S. §403(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Law as follows:
65 P.S. §402.
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes the former public
employee himself, Confidential Opinion 93 -005, as well as a new governmental
employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name
of the former public official /employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Bender, 98 -502
January 12, 1998
Page 4
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section 3(g)
also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public official /public
employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former governmental
body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to termination
of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre- existing contract
does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name of the
former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the regulations
of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion 95-
011
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the public
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The public official /public employee may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former governmental
body. The Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude making general informational
inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is available to
the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 3(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with regard
to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public
employee is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the
agency or other governmental body where the public official /employee had influence
or control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion No. 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental body with which you have been associated upon termination
of public service would be the Department of Health in its entirety. Therefore, for the
first year after termination of your service with the Department of Health, Section 3(g)
of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict "representation" of "persons" before the
Department of Health.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
,applicability of Sections 3(g) and 3(i) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been
no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section
3(a) of the Ethics Law. Further, you are advised that Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the
Ethics Law provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee and
no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
Bender, 98 -502
January 12, 1998
Page 5
code of conduct other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: Upon termination of service as Policy Director for the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health ( "Department of Health "), you
became a former public official /public employee and a former executive -level State
employee subject to the restrictions of Section 3(g) and Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law.
Under Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law, you would not be prohibited from being
employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a representative
capacity for a corporation based upon the assumptions that you did not actively
participate in recruiting the corporation to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively
participate in recruiting or inducing the corporation to open or expand a plant, facility,
or branch in Pennsylvania through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or
loan of money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With regard to Section 3(g),
the restrictions as outlined above must be followed. The former governmental body
would be the Department of Health in its entirety. The propriety of the proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Law would
require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1 of the
year after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason to
challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission. A personal
appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will
be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received at the
Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51
Pa. Code §1 3.2(h). The appeal may be received at the Commission by hand
delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717-787 -
0806). Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days
may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Vincent J.:+opko
Chief Counsel