HomeMy WebLinkAbout97-597 deGarciaSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 23, 1997
O. Frank de Garcia
Executive Secretary
Milk Marketing Board
2301 North Cameron Street
Harrisburg, PA 17110 97 -597
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Private Employment, Business, Executive
Secretary, Pennsylvania Milk Marketing Board, Partnership, Export of
Agricultural Products and Machinery to Foreign Countries, Farm, Part
Ownership.
Dear Mr. de Garcia:
This responds to your letter of June 18, 1997, in which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Executive Secretary of the Pennsylvania Milk Marketing
Board is prohibited or restricted by the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law from
working with, being employed by or associated with an agricultural business in a
private capacity in addition to public service.
Facts: As the Executive Secretary of the Pennsylvania Milk Marketing Board
(PMMB), you request an advisory from the State Ethics Commission. The PMMB is
an independent State agency charged with regulating the milk industry in Pennsylvania.
That regulatory authority is set out in Section 301 of the Milk Marketing Law, 31 P.S.
§700j -301. As Executive Secretary of PMMB, your duties are as follows:
1. Participate in the negotiation or decision to award contracts, and take or
recommend official action of a discretionary nature with regard to contracting
or procurement.
2. Participate in the issuance of licenses /certificates to milk dealers, subdealers,
milk haulers, weigher /samplers, and testers.
3. Take or recommend official action of a discretionary nature with regard to
inspecting, licensing, regulating, or auditing persons or entities associated with
the milk industry in Pennsylvania.
deGarcia, 97 -597
July 23, 1997
Page 2
In the past few years you have been involved with many projects overseas.
Since you have a reputation as a person with special knowledge of Spanish- speaking
countries which you have acquired over the past 30 years, you are frequently
contacted for advice. You have performed a number of advisory activities, including
several trade promotion trips to Mexico on behalf of the Governor and various
legislators and in association with the Department of Agriculture. You have also been
instrumental in bringing to Pennsylvania delegations of Mexican business people with
interests in the dairy and agriculture industries for discussions on trade relations.
Recently you have had conversations with several individuals who are in the
business of selling livestock to Puerto Rico, Mexico, and countries in the Middle East.
They have asked you to consider forming a partnership in Harrisburg to export
agricultural products and machinery to foreign countries. Your participation would
consist of the use of your private office space and equipment and your proficiency in
translating the Spanish language. You would not be involved in auctions or in
purchasing livestock (rams, sheep, beef cattle, and dairy cattle) or farm machinery.
Those activities would be performed on an on -going basis by the other partners. You
would assist on weekends with translating, forwarding information via the Internet to
those who have requested it, and translating bids and requests from other countries
seeking items to purchase. You would be assisted by your mother and wife, both of
whom are fluent in Spanish.
You state that none of the above activities relate to the pricing of milk and none
of your prospective business partners have any direct relationship with the PMMB.
You will have no involvement in the process of purchasing live animals, nor will you
be visiting any farms in Pennsylvania in connection with this venture. You state that
you would realize a financial gain from all profit- making activities of the partnership
irrespective of your direct involvement.
In light of your government- connected travels and efforts to promote agricultural
trade with Mexico and because of your position with the PMMB which regulates part
of the agricultural industry, you request an advisory from this Commission in order to
avoid misunderstandings or the appearance of impropriety. Additionally, you also
request advice as to whether there would be any impropriety of your part ownership
of a farm in the Republic of Mexico, State of Hidalgo, with your partner being a
Mexican national. The farm would raise crops such as alfalfa as well as beef and dairy
cattle for sale within Mexico.
Discussion: As the Executive Secretary for the Pennsylvania Milk Marketing
Board (PMMB), you are a public employee as that term is defined under the Ethics
Law, and hence you are subject to the provisions of that law.
It is noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10) and 7(11) of the Ethics Law, 65 P.S.
§ §407(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based upon the facts which
the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the facts which the
requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an independent
investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not been
submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. §§407(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
deGarcia, 97 -597
July 23, 1997
Page 3
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall
engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an action having a de
minimis economic impact or which affects to the same
degree a class consisting of the general public or a subclass
consisting of an industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public employee, a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary
to the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to
a particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no
public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon
the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the instant matter, it is
noted that Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law does not prohibit public officials /employees
from outside business activities or employment; however, the public official /employee
may not use the authority of office for the advancement of his own private pecuniary
benefit or that of a business with which he is associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89 -01 1.
A public official /employee must exercise caution so that his private business activities
do not conflict with his public duties. Crisci, Opinion 89 -013. Thus, a public
official /employee could not perform private business using governmental facilities or
personnel. In particular, the governmental telephones, postage, staff, equipment,
research materials, personnel or any other property could not be used as a means, in
deGarcia, 97 -597
July 23, 1997
Page 4
whole or part, to carry out private business activities. In addition, the public
official /employee could not during government working hours, solicit or promote such
business activity. Pancoe, supra. Similarly, Section 3(a) would expressly prohibit the
use of confidential information received by holding public office/ employment for such
a prohibited private pecuniary benefit.
As to your first question, although the Ethics Law does not prohibit such private
business interests on your part, it would prohibit your use of the authority of office as
Executive Secretary of PMMB to obtain or advance such business interests. As to
your second question of whether you may in a private capacity be a partner with a
Mexican national in a farm in Mexico, that question is beyond the scope of the Ethics
Law.
In the event that your business has a matter pending before your governmental
body or if you as part of such official duties must participate, review or pass upon that
matter, a conflict would exist. Miller, Opinion 89 -024. In those instances, it will be
necessary that you be removed from that process.
In such cases as noted above, Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law would require not
only that you abstain from participation but also file a written memorandum to that
effect with the person recording the minutes or your supervisor.
In summary, the Ethics Law would restrict the following:
1. The use of authority of office to obtain any business in a private capacity;
2. utilization of confidential information gained through public position;
3. participating in discussions, reviews, or recommendations on matters
which relate to the business /private employer which may come before the
governmental body and in such cases publicly announcing the relationship or advising
the supervisor as well as filing a written memorandum as per the requirements of
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law. Brooks, Opinion 89 -023.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code
of conduct other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As the Executive Secretary for the Pennsylvania Milk Marketing
Board (PMMB), you are a public employee subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would not preclude you from outside
employment /business activity subject to the restrictions and qualifications as noted
above. In the event that the employer /business has matters pending before your
governmental body, then you could not participate in that matter and the disclosure
requirements of Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law as outlined above must be satisfied.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law.
deGarcia, 97 -597
July 23, 1997
Page 5
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
7 erely,
Vincent J. lop o
Chief Counsel