HomeMy WebLinkAbout97-576 SteinmanConnie L. Steinman
335 Rosewood Lane
Harrisburg, PA 17111
Dear Ms. Steinman:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 28, 1997
97 -576
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Department of Public Welfare, Office of
Social Programs, Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services; Welfare Program
Specialist.
This responds to your letter of May 6, 1997 in which you requested advice from
the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law presents any
restrictions upon employment of a Welfare Program Specialist following termination
of service with the Department of Public Welfare.
Facts: You are currently employed as a Welfare Program Specialist for the
Department of Public Welfare (DPW), Office of Social Programs, Bureau of Blindness
and Visual Services.
Under the Commonwealth's Request for Proposal process, DPW selected the
Crime Prevention Association of Philadelphia (CPA) to serve as the contractor
responsible for the operation of the Local Management Agency (LMA) which is the
administrative entity for the contracted subsidized day care program in Dauphin,
Cumberland and Perry Counties. You have been offered a position as Director of the
LMA.
You specifically ask whether you would avoid transgressing the Ethics Law if,
for a period of one year following your resignation from DPW, the Associate Executive
Director of CPA "represents" the LMA, which you will "direct," in soliciting contracts,
funding, etc. with DPW.
Discussion: As a Welfare Program Specialist for DPW, Office of Social
Programs, Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services, you would be considered a "public
employee" within the definition of that term as set forth in the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51
Pa.Code § 1 1.1. This conclusion is based upon the job description, which when
Steinman, 97 -576
May 28, 1997
Page 2
reviewed on an objective basis, indicates clearly that the power exists to take or
recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting,
procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or monitoring grants, leasing,
regulating, auditing or other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a "former
public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Law. Section 3(g) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public employee
shall represent a person, with promised or actual
compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he
leaves that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with which you have
been associated while working with DPW must be identified. Then, the scope of the
prohibitions associated with the concept and term of "representation" must be
reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or public employee
is or has been associated" is defined under the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the definition of the term
"governmental body with which a public official or public employee is or has been
associated." It was the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/ employee had
influence or control but extended to the entire governmental body with which the
public official /employee was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that when we
are prohibiting for 1 year that revolving -door kind of
conduct, we are dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local government but the
entire unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
Steinman, 97 -576
May 28, 1997
Page 3
The Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain and effectuate the intent of the
General Assembly under 1 Pa. C.S.A. §1901.
Based upon the above, the governmental body with which you will have been
associated upon termination of public service will be DPW in its entirety, including but
not limited to the Office of Social Programs and the Bureau of Blindness and Visual
Services. The above is based upon the language of the Ethics Law, the legislative
intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior
precedent of this Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found
that a former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare (DPW) was not
merely restricted to the particular Division as was contended but was in fact restricted
to all of DPW regarding the one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp,
Opinion 90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant to a state
senator was not merely restricted to that particular senator but to the entire Senate
as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service with DPW, Section
3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict representation of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis DPW in its entirety.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section 3(g), the Ethics Law
does not affect one's ability to appear before agencies or entities other than with
respect to the former governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, following departure from their
governmental body. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest law is primarily
concerned with financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public employment he must act
consistently with the public trust and upon departure from the public sector, that
individual should not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits
that may be obtainable only because of his association with his former governmental
body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such "representation," the Ethics
Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body or bodies,
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations in general or as to
contracts;
Steinman, 97 -576
May 28, 1997
Page 4
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain
the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to
acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or employer
before the former governmental body in relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the person who will
provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or
reviewed by the former governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the
former governmental body. Section 3(g) would also prohibit in general the inclusion
of the name of a former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to
a contract which existed prior to termination of public service. Shay, Opinion 91 -012.
However, in the event of work performed on a contract already awarded and not
involving the unit where the former public employee worked, the name of the former
public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the regulations of the
agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion 95 -01 1.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service, you should not engage in
any of the prohibited activities outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented to DPW.
However, you may not be identified on documents submitted to DPW. You may also
counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before DPW. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to DPW. Of course, any
ban under the Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude the making of general
informational inquiries of DPW to secure information which is available to the general
public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the former
governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of,
or work for the new employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
In applying the definition of "Person" quoted above, the Commission has held
that the term includes a former public employee representing himself in providing
consulting services to his former governmental body. Confidential Opinion 93 -005.
Further, the term "Person" includes a new government employer which is represented
by the former public employee before his former governmental employer. Ledebur,
Opinion 95 -007.
Having set forth the above restrictions and prohibitions of Section 3(g), your
specific inquiry shall now be addressed.
Steinman, 97 -576
May 28, 1997
Page 5
You ask whether you would avoid transgressing the Ethics Law, if, for a period
of one year following your resignation from DPW, the Associate Executive Director of
CPA would "represent" the LMA, which you would "direct," in soliciting contracts,
funding, etc. with DPW. The answer to your inquiry is that the proposed arrangement
would enable you to avoid transgressing Section 3(g) as long as you would not engage
in prohibited "representation" yourself.
Based upon the facts which have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Section 3(g) only. It is expressly assumed that there has been no use
of authority of office for a prohibited private pecuniary benefit as prohibited by Section
3(a) of the Ethics Law. Finally, you are advised that Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the
Ethics Law provide in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee and
no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based
upon the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: As a Welfare Program Specialist for the Department of Public
Welfare (DPW), Office of Social Programs, Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services,
you would be considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics Law. Upon
termination of service with DPW, you would become a "former public employee"
subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The former governmental body would be
DPW in its entirety, including but not limited to the Office of Social Programs and the
Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services. The restrictions as to representation outlined
above must be followed. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Law also
requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed for the year following
termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Steinman, 97 -576
May 28, 1997
Page 6
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel