HomeMy WebLinkAbout97-500 SifordCharles F. Siford, Jr.
4543 Cherry Lane
York, PA 17406
Dear Mr. Siford:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 2, 1997
97 -500
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Telephone Telecommunications Specialist
2; Department of General Services; Bureau of Purchases, Telecommunications
Division.
This responds to your letter of November 21, 1996 in which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law presents any
restrictions upon employment of a Telecommunications Specialist following termination
of service with the Department of General Services.
Facts: As of November 15, 1996, you retired from the Department of General
Services where you were employed as a Telecommunications Specialist for the Bureau
of Purchases, Telecommunications Division. As a Telecommunications Specialist, you
developed Requests for Proposals for individual agency telecommunications
requirements and for state contracts.
You are interested in supplementing your retirement income on a part -time basis
as a representative of Fujitsu Business Communications Systems of Parsippany, New
Jersey. You state that Fujitsu currently has a contract with the Commonwealth for
the acquisition of PBX telephone systems. You would not be representing Fujitsu to
agencies under the Governor's jurisdiction, but rather, only to political entities such as
universities, city and county governments, and the like. You seek an advisory as to
whether this would be permissible under the Ethics Law.
Copies of your job description and job classification specifications have been
obtained, which documents are incorporated herein by reference. It is noted that your
job classification was "Telephone Telecommunications Specialist 2."
Discussion: In your former capacity as a Telephone Telecommunications
Specialist 2 for the Department of General Services (DGS), Bureau of Purchases,
Telecommunications Division, you would be considered a "public employee" within the
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January 2, 1997
Page 2
definition of that term as set forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law and
the Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa.Code § 1 1.1. This
conclusion is based upon the job description, which when reviewed on an objective
basis, indicates clearly that the power exists to take or recommend official action of
a non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting,
administering or monitoring grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other activities
where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on the interests of another
person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you became a "former public
employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law.
Section 3(g) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public employee
shall represent a person, with promised or actual
compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he
leaves that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with which you were
associated while working with DGS must be identified. Then, the scope of the
prohibitions associated with the concept and term of "representation" must be
reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or public employee
is or has been associated" is defined under the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the definition of the term
"governmental body with which a public official or public employee is or has been
associated." It was the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/ employee had
influence or control but extended to the entire governmental body with which the
public official /employee was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that when we
are prohibiting for 1 year that revolving -door kind of
conduct, we are dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local government but the
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January 2, 1997
Page 3
entire unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
The Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain and effectuate the intent of the
General Assembly under 1 Pa. C.S.A. §1901.
Based upon the above, the governmental body with which you were associated
upon termination of public service would be DGS in its entirety, including but not
limited to the Bureau of Purchases. The above is based upon the language of the
Ethics Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15
at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90-
006, the Commission found that a former Division Director of the Department of Public
Welfare (DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was contended
but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the one year representation
restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former
legislative assistant to a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service with DGS, Section
3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict representation of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis DGS.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section 3(g), the Ethics Law
does not affect one's ability to appear before agencies or entities other than with
respect to the former governmental body. Thus, Section 3(g) would not apply to
restrict you as to representing Fujitsu before universities or City or County
governments.
Likewise, there is no general limitation on the type of employment in which a
person may engage, following departure from their governmental body. It is noted,
however, that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the law generally is that
during the term of a person's public employment he must act consistently with the
public trust and upon departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector, officials or employees to
secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be obtainable
only because of his association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such "representation," the Ethics
Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law to prohibit:
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January 2, 1997
Page 4
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body or bodies,
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations in general or as to
contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain
the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to
acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or employer
before the former governmental body in relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the person who will
provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or
reviewed by the former governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the
former governmental body. Section 3(g) would also prohibit in general the inclusion
of the name of a former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to
a contract which existed prior to termination of public service. Shay, Opinion 91 -012.
However, in the event of work performed on a contract already awarded and not
involving the unit where the former public employee worked, the name of the former
public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the regulations of the
agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams /Webster, Opinion 95 -01 1.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service, you should not engage in
any of the prohibited activities outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented to DGS.
However, you may not be identified on documents submitted to DGS. You may also
counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before DGS. Once again,
however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to DGS. Of course, any
ban under the Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude the making of general
informational inquiries of DGS to secure information which is available to the general
public. This must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the former
governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the representation of,
or work for the new employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
• In applying the definition of "Person" quoted above, the Commission has held
that the term includes a former public employee representing himself in providing
consulting services to his former governmental body. Confidential Opinion 93 -005.
Further, the term "Person" includes a new government employer which is represented
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January 2, 1997
Page 5
by the former public employee before his former governmental employer. Ledebur,
Opinion 95 -007.
Furthermore, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the understanding that the
vote, official action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be influenced
thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete response
to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the
Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: In your former capacity as a Telephone Telecommunications
Specialist 2 for the Department of General Services (DGS), Bureau of Purchases,
Telecommunications Division, you would be considered a "public employee" as defined
in the Ethics Law. Upon termination of service with DGS, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The former
governmental body is DGS in its entirety. The restrictions as to representation outlined
above must be followed. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Law also
requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed for the year following
termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(1 1), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
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January 2, 1997
Page 6
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
:erely,
t
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel