HomeMy WebLinkAbout96-623 ConfidentialSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 24, 1996
96 -623
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Business With Which Associated, Borough,
Treasurer, Bank Vice - President, Soliciting Bids for a Tax Anticipation Note.
This responds to your letter of November 25, 1996 in which you requested
confidential advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law presents any
prohibition or restrictions upon a Borough Treasurer regarding the Borough's
solicitation of bids for a Tax Anticipation Note, where in his private capacity, the
Borough Treasurer is the Vice - President of a Bank that is asked by the Borough to
submit a bid and that has submitted such bids in the past.
Facts: You represent A who is the Treasurer for Borough B. A is also a Vice -
President with Bank C. A is not a lending officer at Bank C and has no involvement
with lending at that bank. A seeks advice as to his participation in the process of the
Borough's public solicitation of a bid for a tax anticipation note (TAN) of approximately
$450,000.00. The prevailing bidder would expect to earn approximately $20,000-
$25,000 on this account.
For the past 25 years, Borough B has used the following process:
The Borough budget requires funds for the TAN to be received in January of
1997 and to be repaid on December 31, 1997. The Borough Treasurer prepares a
Cash Flow Statement which indicates the maximum deficit that will occur between
receipts and expenditures of the Borough's general fund. The Treasurer signs the cash
flow document.
Borough Council passes a resolution which authorizes the Borough to
solicit /advertise bids for the TAN. An advertisement is placed in several newspapers,
and letters are sent to banks. It has been the custom of Borough B to send bid letters
to the following Banks — Bank D, Bank E, Bank F, and Bank C. Bank D and Bank C
have branches in Borough B. The letters are signed by the Borough Manager and
Confidential Advice, 96 -623
December 24, 1996
Page 2
include a Cash Flow Statement. A bank responding to the bid may also ask for the
proposed budget and a copy of the previous year audit before submitting a bid.
Any bank or financial institution making a bid for the TAN must submit a sealed
bid to the Borough Manager by the third Wednesday of the month, so that the bids
may be opened and announced at the public meeting of Borough Council. During the
past few years, the banks invited to bid have submitted bids for the TAN. The bids
are opened by the Borough Manager and announced as to the rate and any terms. All
bids are turned over to the Finance Committee. The Finance Committee then
recommends the bid that should be voted upon.
The Finance Committee of Borough B is composed of three members of Borough
Council. The Treasurer is not a member of the Finance Committee nor does the
Treasurer have a vote. However, a member of the Finance Committee may ask the
Treasurer to clarify a financial term, or calculate interest, or some other financial
question relating to the TAN. The TAN has been awarded to the lowest bidder, and
various banks have won the bid over the years.
A seeks advice as to what role he, as Treasurer, is permitted to have in this
process. Bank C may submit a bid, as it has in the past, for the TAN.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10) and 7(1 1) of the
Ethics Law, 65 P.S. §§407(10), (11), advisories are issued to,the requestor based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon
the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. §§407(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As Treasurer for Borough B, A is a public official as that term is defined under
the Ethics Law, and hence he is subject to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall
engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. "Conflict" or
Confidential Advice, 96 -623
December 24, 1996
Page 3
"conflict of interest" does not include an action having a de
minimis economic impact or which affects to the same
degree a class consisting of the general public, or a subclass
consisting of an industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public employee, a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary
to the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to
a particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no
public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon
the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(f) No public official or public employee or his
spouse or child or any business in which the person or his
spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person
who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body with which the public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been awarded through
an open and public process, including prior public notice and
subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public official or
public employee shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or administration of the
contract. Any contract or subcontract made in violation of
this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent
jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
Parenthetically, where contracting is otherwise allowed or where there appears
to be no express prohibitions to such contracting, the above particular provision of the
law would require that an open and public process must be used in all situations where
Confidential Advice, 96 -623
December 24, 1996
Page 4
a public official /employee is otherwise appropriately contracting with his own
governmental body, or subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a
contract with the governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more. This open
and public process would require that the following be observed as to the contract
with the governmental body:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor /applicant to be
able to prepare and present an application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications or proposals considered; and
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and accepted.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law also requires that the public official /employee may
not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(j) Where voting conflicts are not otherwise
addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would
be required to vote on a matter that would result in a
conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the
vote being taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature
of his interest, as a public record in a written memorandum
filed with the person responsible for recording the minutes
of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any
action on a matter before it because the number of
members of the body required to abstain from voting under
the provisions of this section makes the majority or other
legally required vote of approval unattainable, then such
members shall be permitted to vote if disclosures are made
as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a three -
member governing body of a political subdivision, where
one member has abstained from voting as a result of a
conflict of interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the member who
has abstained shall be permitted to vote to break the tie
vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public official /employee to abstain
and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing
a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes or
supervisor.
Confidential Advice, 96 -623
December 24, 1996
Page 5
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Law, then in that event participation is
permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See,
Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the circumstances which
you have submitted, pursuant to Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law, a public official /public
employee is prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or
confidential information received by holding such a public position for the private
pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his
immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. Bank C is a business with which A is associated, by virtue of his status
as an employee and Vice - President of that financial institution.
Consequently, A would have a conflict of interest in matters — including "tax
anticipation loans" — where the use of the authority of his public position or
confidential information he would have access to by being in that position, would
advance the prospects of a private pecuniary benefit to Bank C. In each instance of
a conflict of interest, A would be required to abstain from participation and to satisfy
the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) as set forth above.
In Juliante, Order 809, the Commission held that the use of authority of office
is not limited to mere voting, but "extends to all of the tasks needed to perform the
functions of a given position." Id. at 16. Thus, abstention is not limited to apply only
as to voting but extends to other forms of participation by public officials /public
employees.
As for Section 3(f), the requirements of that Section would have to be satisfied
as to Tax Anticipation Loans between the Borough and Bank C.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code
of conduct other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Borough Code.
Conclusion: As Treasurer for Borough B, A is a public official subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Law. Bank C is a business with which A is associated. A
would have a conflict of interest in matters — including "tax anticipation loans" —
where the use of the authority of his public position or confidential information he
would have access to by being in that position, would advance the prospects of a
private pecuniary benefit to Bank C. In each instance of a conflict of interest, A would
be required to abstain from participation and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of
Section 3(j) as set forth above. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only
been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Confidential Advice, 96 -623
December 24, 1996
Page 6
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
incerely,
Vincent .7'. Dopko
Chief Counsel