HomeMy WebLinkAbout96-599 ReigleBrenda V. Reigle
87 Bucktail Trail
Halifax, PA 17032
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
October 4, 1996
96 -599
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Senate; Administrative Officer III.
Dear Ms. Reigle:
This responds to your letter of September 18, 1996 in which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law presents any
restrictions upon employment of and Administrative Officer III following termination
of service with the Senate.
Facts: As of September 20, 1996, you resigned your position as an
Administrative Officer III with the Pennsylvania Senate. You have accepted the
position of Executive Director with the Pennsylvania Utility Contractors Association
effective September 23, 1996.
During your tenure with the Senate, you worked for Senator Mike Dawida until
February 5, 1996 when Senator Dawida resigned his position to take office as a
County Commissioner. Following Senator Dawida's resignation, you continued in a
"quasi- position" for the Senate Finance Committee. You state that you were asked
to do one or two bill analyses for one committee meeting since the committee was
under the direction of a new minority Chairman, Senator William Stewart. When the
new Senator for the 43rd District was elected and sworn into office in early May, you
were placed in a position for the new Senator where you drafted constituent letters
concerning the 1996 -97 budget and updated his Internet site. You state that since
February 5, 1996, you no longer handled any committee work nor were you in a
position where you could influence legislators or their staff concerning legislative
issues.
Your specific inquiry is whether you, in your new position, would be able to
lobby the Senate or part of the Senate. It is your understanding that other opinions
have been issued in the past by this Commission on similar situations.
Reigle, 96 -599
October 4, 1996
Page 2
Discussion: In the former capacity as an Administrative Officer III for the
Senate, you would be considered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law and the Regulations of this
Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa.Code § 1 1.1. This conclusion is based upon the
job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates clearly that the
power exists to take or recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with
respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or monitoring
grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other activities where the economic impact is
greater than de minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a "former
public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Law. Section 3(g) of the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public employee
shall represent a person, with promised or actual
compensation, on any matter before the governmental body
with which he has been associated for one year after he
leaves that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with which you were
associated while working with the Senate must be identified. Then, the scope of the
prohibitions associated with the concept and term of "representation" must be
reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or public employee
is or has been associated" is defined under the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public official or
employee is or has been appointed or elected and
subdivisions and offices within that governmental body.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the definition of the term
"governmental body with which a public official or public employee is or has been
associated." It was the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/ employee had
influence or control but extended to the entire governmental body with which the
public official /employee was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that when we
are prohibiting for 1 year that revolving -door kind of
conduct, we are dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local government but the
Reiale, 96 -599
October 4, 1996
Page 3
entire unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
The Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain and effectuate the intent of the
General Assembly under 1 Pa. C.S.A. §1901.
Based upon the above, the governmental body with which you were associated
upon termination of public service would be the Senate. The above is based upon the
language of the Ethics Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this Commission. Thus, in
Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a former Division Director of the
Department of Public Welfare (DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular
Division as was contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the one
year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R, it was
determined that a former legislative assistant to a state senator was not merely
restricted to that particular senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental
body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service with Senate, Section
3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict representation of persons or new
employers vis -a -vis the Senate.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section 3(g), the Ethics Law
does not affect one's ability to appear before agencies or entities other than with
respect to the former governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, following departure from their
governmental body. It is noted, however, that the conflicts of interest law is primarily
concerned with financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public employment he must act
consistently with the public trust and upon departure from the public sector, that
individual should not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer, treatment or benefits
that may be obtainable only because of his association with his former governmental
body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such "representation," the Ethics
Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also interpreted the term
"representation" as used in Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law to prohibit:
Reiale, 96 -599
October 4, 1996
Page 4
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body or bodies,
including, but not limited to, negotiations or renegotiations in general or as to
contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain
the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former governmental body as to
acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any person or employer
before the former governmental body in relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the person who will
provide technical assistance on such proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or
reviewed by the former governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the
former governmental body. Section 3(g) would also prohibit in general the inclusion
of the name of a former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to
a contract which existed prior to termination of public service. Shay, Opinion 91 -012.
However, in the event of work performed on a contract already awarded and not
involving the unit where the former public employee worked, the name of the former
public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the regulations of the
agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster, Opinion 95 -01 1.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service, you should not engage in
any of the prohibited activities outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented to the Senate.
However, you may not be identified on documents submitted to the Senate. You may
also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the Senate. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the Senate. Of
course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude the making of
general informational inquiries of the Senate to secure information which is available
to the general public. This must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body, individual,
corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
In applying the definition of "Person" quoted above, the Commission has held
that the term includes a former public employee representing himself in providing
consulting services to his former governmental body. Confidential Opinion 93 -005.
Further, the term "Person" includes a new government employer which is represented
Reiale, 96 -599
October 4, 1996
Page 5
by the former public employee before his former governmental employer. Ledebur,
Opinion 95 -007.
The fact that you were relegated to only doing legal analyses /constituent letter
drafting from February, 1996 until your resignation would not change your status
under the Ethics Law.
Furthermore, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the understanding that the
vote, official action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be influenced
thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete response
to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: In the former capacity as an Administrative Officer III with the
Senate, you would be considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics Law.
Upon termination of service with the Senate, you would become a "former public
employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The former governmental body
is the Senate. The restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics Law also
requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed for the year following
termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(1 1), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
Reigle, 96 -599
October 4, 1996
Page 6
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
cerely,
Vincent J.Lbopko
Chief Counsel