HomeMy WebLinkAbout96-537 StahlJoyce M. Stahl
Manager /Secretary
Borough of Milton
1 & 2 Filbert Street
PO Box 150
Milton, PA 17847 -0150
Dear Ms. Stahl:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 9, 1996
96 -537
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Borough Manager /Secretary, Trustee and
Director for PA State Association of Boroughs, Municipal Retirement Trust Fund,
Pension Plans.
This responds to your letter of March 8, 1996 in which you requested advice
from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law presents any
prohibition or restrictions upon a borough manager /secretary who also serves on the
Board of Trustees and Board of Directors of the Pennsylvania State Association of
Boroughs regarding the administration of the borough's pension plans.
Facts: As the Manager /Secretary for the Borough of Milton, you request an
advisory from the State Ethics Commission.
In addition to your aforesaid public position, you also serve on the Board of
Trustees and the Board of Directors of the Pennsylvania State Association of Boroughs
(PSAB). The Board of Trustees has discretionary authority and control over the
investment and custody of the assets of the trust fund and manages and administers
trust benefits. Each trustee is considered a fiduciary and is held to the highest
standard of conduct.
The Borough of Milton is exploring the possibility of transferring its pension
plans to PSAB. You ask whether this would constitute a conflict of interest for you.
You state that as a Member of the Board of Trustees and Board of Directors of PSAB,
you receive no pay but you do receive reimbursement for certain expenses.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10) and 7(1 1) of the
Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requestor based
upon the facts which the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon
the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
Stahl, 96 -537
April 9, 1996
Page 2
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts which have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the
material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. §§407(10), (11). An advisory only
affords a defense to the extent the requestor has truthfully disclosed all of the material
facts.
As Manager /Secretary for the Borough of Milton, you are a public official /public
employee as defined under the Ethics Law, and hence you are subject to the provisions
of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public employee shall
engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he or a member
of his immediate family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an action having a de
minimis economic impact or which affects to the same
degree a class consisting of the general public or a subclass
consisting of an industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public employee, a member of
his immediate family or a business with which he or a
member of his immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary
to the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to
a particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
Stahl, 96 -537
April 9, 1996
Page 3
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide in part that no
person shall offer to a public official /employee anything of monetary value and no
public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon
the understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the public
official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions
of the law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression thereof but
merely to provide a complete response to the question presented.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(f) No public official or public employee or his
spouse or child or any business in which the person or his
spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person
who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body with which the public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been awarded through
an open and public process, including prior public notice and
subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public official or
public employee shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or administration of the
contract. Any contract or subcontract made in violation of
this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent
jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
Parenthetically, where contracting is otherwise allowed or where there appears
to be no express prohibitions to such contracting, the above particular provision of the
law would require that an open and public process must be used in all situations where
a public official /employee is otherwise appropriately contracting with his own
governmental body, or subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a
contract with the governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more. This open
and public process would require that the following be observed as to the contract
with the governmental body:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor/ applicant to be
able to prepare and present an application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications or proposals considered and;
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and accepted.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law also requires that the public official /employee may
not have any supervisory or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
Stahl, 96 -537
April 9, 1996
Page 4
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(j) Where voting conflicts are not otherwise
addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or by any
law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would
be required to vote on a matter that would result in a
conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the
vote being taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature
of his interest, as a public record in a written memorandum
filed with the person responsible for recording the minutes
of the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any
action on a matter before it because the number of
members of the body required to abstain from voting under
the provisions of this section makes the majority or other
legally required vote of approval unattainable, then such
members shall be permitted to vote if disclosures are made
as otherwise provided herein. In the case of a three -
member governing body of a political subdivision, where
one member has abstained from voting as a result of a
conflict of interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the member who
has abstained shall be permitted to vote to break the tie
vote if disclosure is made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public official /employee to abstain
and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing
a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes or
supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the inability of the
governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due to the
abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Law, then in that event participation is
permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See,
Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the circumstances
which you have submitted, pursuant to Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law, a public
official /public employee is prohibited from using the authority of public
office /employment or confidential information received by holding such a public
position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public employee himself,
any member of his immediate family, or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
The PSAB is an association with a membership that is not restricted to public
officials /public employees. In this regard it is distinguished from the Borough
Councilmen's Association of Pennsylvania. See, Edwards, Opinion No. 91 -003. Thus,
the PSAB is a "business" as that term is defined in the Ethics Law. Furthermore, given
Stahl,, 96 -537
April 9, 1996
Page 5
that you serve on the PSAB's Board of Trustees and Board of Directors, it is a business
with which you are associated.
As for any fiduciary duty which you may owe to PSAB, you are advised that the
Ethics Law requires of public officials /public employees that the public trust -- rather
than the interests of private business -- be paramount. Crisci, Opinion No. 89 -013.
To the extent that the prospective transfer of the Borough's pension plans to
PSAB would result in a private pecuniary benefit to PSAB, a business with which you
are associated, you would clearly have a conflict of interest as to such matters in your
public position with the Borough. In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would
be required to abstain from any participation and to publicly announce your abstention
and the reasons for same, both orally at the public meeting and also in a memorandum
to be filed with the Borough Council.
Furthermore, to the extent the proposed transfer would result in PSAB
contracting with the Borough, the restrictions of Section 3(f) would have to be fully
satisfied in order for such a transaction to meet the requirements of the Ethics Law.
Those restrictions are as set forth above. Additionally, should PSAB be chosen to
handle the Borough's pension plans through such a contractual arrangement, you, in
your public capacity with the Borough, could not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility as to same.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code
of conduct other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Borough Code.
Conclusion: As Manager /Secretary for the Borough of Milton, you are a public
official /public employee subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. The Pennsylvania
State Association of Boroughs (PSAB) is a business with which you are associated in
your capacities as a member of its Board of Trustees and Board of Directors. In your
public capacity with the Borough, you would have a conflict of interest as to the
prospective transfer of the Borough's pension plans to PSAB. In each instance of a
conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain from participation and to publicly
announce your abstention and the reasons for same both orally at the public meeting
and in a written memorandum to be filed with Borough Council. To the extent that the
proposed transfer of pension plans to PSAB would involve contracting between the
Borough and PSAB, a business with which you are associated, the restrictions of
Section 3(f) as set forth above would have to be fully satisfied. Lastly, the propriety
of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense in any enforcement
proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any
other civil or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the Advice
given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Stahl, 96 -537
April 9, 1996
Page 6
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any reason
to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full Commission.
A personal appearance before the Commission will be scheduled and a
forma/ Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually received
at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this Advice
pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the
Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service, or
by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file such an appeal at
the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the dismissal of
the appeal.
erely,
Vincent opko
Chief Counsel