HomeMy WebLinkAbout96-501 ShurgotSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 18, 1996
96 -501
Stephen Shurgot
246 Morningside Avenue
Wilmerding, PA 15148
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Member, Borough Council,
Business with which Associated, Emergency Medical Service,
Vote.
Dear Mr. Shurgot:
This responds to your letter of December 13, 1995 in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a borough council
member who is employed by a non - profit emergency medical service
corporation which serves the borough, regarding the provision of
emergency medical services to the borough by a different provider.
Facts: In 1959, the ambulance service in Wilmerding Borough
became a community ambulance service governed by the Borough
Council. You became involved with the ambulance service in 1983
and shortly thereafter, you and several other members of the
ambulance service asked the Borough to allow the ambulance service
to become a non - profit entity which would not be connected in any
way to the Borough. In 1984, the Wilmerding EMS, with the approval
of the Borough Council, became a non - profit corporation and the
recognized "EMS" service for the community. You have served as the
volunteer Operations Director of Wilmerding EMS since 1983.
In 1988 you were elected to the Borough Council. You have
served as Council President for the last two years.
Over the last few years, the Wilmerding EMS has been trying to
merge with other local EMS services in an effort to consolidate
resources due to increasing difficulty in retaining volunteers.
This effort was not successful until this year when the
Wilkinsburg /Swissvale EMS, whose coverage area is six miles from
Wilmerding EMS's service area, agreed to the merger. It was agreed
Shurgot, 96 -501
January 18, 1996
Page 2
that the Wilmerding EMS would continue to operate out of their
existing base. In August, 1995, the Wilkinsburg /Swissvale EMS
merged with the Wilmerding EMS and formed a new non - profit
corporation, "Eastern Area Pre- Hospital Services" (EAPHS).
At its June, 1995 meeting, the Borough Council voted to
recognize EAPHS as the official EMS service for the Borough. It
was agreed that the Borough would continue to house the trucks and
provide office space in the Borough building as had previously been
done for the Wilmerding EMS. It was further agreed that the
Borough would no longer pay vehicle insurance as EAPHS would
provide its own insurance coverage. You note that this resulted in
a financial savings for the Borough.
It is your hope that EAPHS will become a recognized ambulance
service in the Eastern suburbs. As a result of the merger, EAPHS
now has a paid staff to supplement the former volunteer staff.
Because of the difficulty in retaining volunteers, EAPHS has
decided to staff the station with paid personnel. You are no
longer an officer of the company, but you and nine other former
volunteers now receive an income from EAPHS.
You state that you have never voted on an ambulance issue
since you have served on the Borough Council. The question which
you pose for consideration pertains to an issue which may come up
at the January, 1996 Borough Council meeting.
The Borough Council has been approached by a neighboring
private "for- profit" EMS service regarding providing EMS service to
the community. At the December meeting, the Council voted to
continue using EAPHS. You abstained from the vote. With the new
council make -up, the private EMS service has again made its request
to be the official EMS service provider.
You are an employee of EAPHS. One of the newly - elected
council members is an employee of EAPHS. The Mayor recently became
an employee of the private service working in EAPHS's billing
department. The Mayor's sister is a newly - elected council member.
You state that if all of these individuals would abstain, there
would be only four council members remaining to vote on this issue.
You ask for guidance in the event of a 2 -2 tie vote or a 3 -1 vote.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections
7(10) and 7(11) of the Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11),
advisories are issued to the requestor based upon the facts which
the requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon
the facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does
not engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does
it speculate as to facts which have not been submitted. It is the
burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11). An
Shurgot, 96 -501
January 18, 1996
Page 3
advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requestor has
truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
It is also initially noted that your inquiry may only be
addressed with regard to your own prospective conduct. You do not
appear to have standing to inquire as to the conduct of certain
other individuals whom you have mentioned.
As a Member and President of Wilmerding Borough Council, you
are a public official as that term is defined under the Ethics Law,
and hence you are subject to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
"Business." Any corporation,
partnership, sole proprietorship, firm,
Shurgot, 96 -501
January 18, 1996
Page 4
enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self- employed individual,
holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement
for the acquisition, use or disposal by the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision of
consulting or other services or of supplies,
materials, equipment, land or other personal
or real property. "Contract" shall not mean
an agreement or arrangement between the State
or political subdivision as one party and a
public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense,
reimbursement, salary, wage, retirement or
other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment
with the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(f) No public official or public
employee or his spouse or child or any
business in which the person or his spouse or
child is associated shall enter into any
contract valued at $500 or more with the
governmental body with which the public
official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with
Shu =got, 96 -501
January 18, 1996
Page 5
any person who has been awarded a contract
with the governmental body with which the
public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been
awarded through an open and public process,
including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals considered
and contracts awarded. In such a case, the
public official or public employee shall not
have any supervisory or overall responsibility
for the implementation or administration of
the contract. Any contract or subcontract
made in violation of this subsection shall be
voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction
if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
Parenthetically, where contracting is otherwise allowed or
where there appears to be no express prohibitions to such
contracting, the above particular provision of the law would
require that an open and public process must be used in all
situations where a public official /employee is otherwise
appropriately contracting with his own governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with
the governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more. This open
and public process would require that the following be observed as
to the contract with the governmental body:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting
possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor/
applicant to be able to prepare and present an
application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications or proposals
considered and;
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and
accepted.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law also requires that the public
official /employee may not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility as to the implementation or administration of the
contract with the governmental body.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
Shurgot, 96 -501
January 18, 1996
Page 6
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his
official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest, as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body
would be unable to take any action on a matter
before it because the number of members of the
body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority
or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained
from voting as a result of a conflict of
interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the
abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the
inability of the governmental body to take action because a
majority is unattainable due to the abstention(s) from conflict
under the Ethics Law, then in that event participation is
permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted above are
followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
circumstances which you have submitted, pursuant to Section 3(a) of
the Ethics Law, a public official /public employee is prohibited
from using the authority of public office /employment or
confidential information received by holding such a public position
for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public
Shurgot, 96 -501
January 18, 1996
Page 7
employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
EAPHS is within the definition of "business" as set forth
above. You are an employee of EAPHS. Therefore, EAPHS is a
business with which you are associated.
You would clearly have a conflict of interest in the matter
before Council of whether to approve a competitor of EAPHS as the
official EMS service provider for the community instead of EAPHS.
See, Pepper, Opinion 87 -008. You would be required to abstain
fully from participation on this issue and you would also be
required to fully satisfy the requirements of Section 3(j) set
forth above as to disclosure of your abstention and the reasons for
same.
You have specifically sought guidance as to the prospect of a
2 -2 or 3 -1 vote which could occur if certain other individuals
would abstain from participating in this matter. As noted above,
this Advice may only address your proposed conduct, in that you do
not have standing to inquire as to the propriety of the conduct of
such others. However, you are generally advised that Section 3(j)
governs instances of multiple abstentions pursuant to the Ethics
Law. The language which pertains to bodies with more than three
members is as follows:
. . . provided that whenever a governing body would be
unable to take any action on a matter before it because
the number of members of the body required to abstain
from voting under the provisions of this section makes
the majority or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be permitted to
vote if disclosures are made as otherwise provided
herein. . . .
65 P.S. §403(j) (Emphasis added).
Based upon the facts which you have submitted, even if certain
individuals in addition to yourself would abstain, there would
still be four members left to vote. The "majority or other legally
required vote of approval" would not be "unattainable." You would
not be allowed to vote despite your conflict.
Finally, the restrictions of Section 3(f) set forth above must
be observed when applicable.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed
herein is the applicability of the Borough Code.
Shurgot, 96 -501
January 18, 1996
Page 8
Conclusion: As a Member and President of Wilmerding Borough
Council, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Law. Your employer, "Eastern Area Pre - Hospital Services"
(EAPHS),is a business with which you are associated. You would
have a conflict of interest pursuant to Section 3(a) of the Ethics
Law as to the issue of whether a different EMS service provider
should provide EMS services to your community instead of EAPHS, the
present provider. In each instance of a conflict of interest, you
would be required to abstain fully and to fully satisfy the
disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) as set forth above. Since
at least four of the seven Borough Council members would be able to
vote on this issue, you would not be permitted to vote despite your
conflict of interest. The restrictions of Section 3(f) set forth
above must be fully observed when applicable. Lastly, the
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you
have any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the
Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance
before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be
actually received at the Commission within thirty (30)
days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code
§13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the Commission
by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service,
or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file
such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days
may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
cerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel