HomeMy WebLinkAbout95-630 McMyneJames A. McMyne
48 Courtland Avenue
Carbondale, PA 18407
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 21, 1995
95 -630
Re: Former Public Official; Section 3(g); City Councilman; City
Finance Officer.
Dear Mr. McMyne:
This responds to your letter of November 14, 1995 in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of a City Councilman as
finance officer following termination of service with the City
Council.
Facts: You have been a Councilman in the City of Carbondale
since January 1, 1985. Your term will expire on December 31, 1995
and you will no longer be holding any elected office after January
1, 1996. The Finance Officer for the City of Carbondale (an
appointed position) will be retiring as of December 31, 1995. You
have offered to perform the duties of the Finance Officer for one
year with no compensation and /or benefits. You enclosed copies of
applicable ordinances in reference to the Home Rule Charter for the
City of Carbondale, which documents are incorporated herein by
reference. You inquire as to whether there are any restrictions
regarding your serving the City as Finance Officer and taking no
compensation or benefits.
Discussion: As a Councilman for the City of Carbondale, you are
considered a "public official" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law and the
Regulations of the Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §11.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would
become a "former public official" subject to Section 3(g) of the
James A. McMyne, 95 -630
December 21, 1995
Page 2
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you were associated while working with City of Carbondale
must be identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated
with the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you were
associated upon termination of public service would be the City of
Carbondale. The above is based upon the language of the Ethics
Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this
Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found
that a former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant to
a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with the City of Carbondale, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would
James A. McMyne, 95 -630
December 21, 1995
Page 3
apply and restrict representation of persons or new employers vis-
a-vis the City of Carbondale.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/
employee had influence or control but extended to the entire
governmental body with which the public official /employee was
associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the legislative
debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. §1901, it is clear that the governmental body with which you
were associated is the City of Carbondale.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer, .
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
James A. McMyne, 95 -630
December 21, 1995
Page 4
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
by or contain the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in relation
to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as
the person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. Section 3(g) would also prohibit in general the
inclusion of the name of a former public official /public employee
on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract
which existed prior to termination of public service. Shay,
Opinion 91 -012. However, in the event of work performed on a
contract already awarded and not involving the unit where the
former public employee worked, the name of the former public
employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted.
Abrams /Webster, Opinion 95 -011. Therefore, within the first year
after termination of service, (1) should not engage in any of the
prohibited activities outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented
to the City of Carbondale. However, you may not be identified on
documents submitted to the City of Carbondale. You may also
counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the
City of Carbondale. Once again, however, the activity in this
respect should not be revealed to the City of Carbondale. Of
course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude
the making of general informational inquiries of the City of
Carbondale to secure information which is available to the general
James A. McMyne, 95 -630
December 21, 1995
Page 5
public. This must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence
the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that
body the representation of, or work for the new employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
In applying the definition of "Person" quoted above, the
Commission has held that the term includes a former public employee
representing himself in providing consulting services to his former
governmental body. Confidential Opinion 93 -005. Further, the term
"Person" includes a new government employer which is represented by
the former public employee before his former governmental employer.
Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
Furthermore, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
As to the specific inquiry you pose, Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Law would not prohibit you from serving as the Finance
Director for the City of Carbondale because you have stated that
you would not receive any compensation and /or benefits and based
upon that factual assumption, you would not be receiving any
promised or actual compensation. Without such compensation,
Section 3(g) would not prohibit your serving as finance officer.
This Advice only addresses the issue you pose for the period that
you would serve without receiving compensation and /or benefits.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a City Councilman for the City of Carbondale, you
are considered a "public official" as defined in the Ethics Law.
Upon termination of service with the City of Carbondale, you would
James A. McMyne, 95 -630
December 21, 1995
Page 6
become a "former public official" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Law. The former governmental body is the City of
Carbondale. The restrictions as to representation outlined above
must be followed. Subject to the qualification noted above,
Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would not prohibit you from serving
as finance officer in your former governmental body when you would
do so without any compensation or benefits. The propriety of the
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you
have any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the
Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance
before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be
actually received at the Commission within thirty (30)
days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code
§13.2(h). The appeal may be received at the Commission
by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service,
or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file
such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days
may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
rely,
Vincent J Dopk
Chief Counsel