HomeMy WebLinkAbout95-613 BielickiRichard J. Bielicki
2703 Logan Street
Camp Hill, PA 17011
Dear Mr. Bielicki:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
October 31, 1995
95 -613
Re: Former Public Official /Employee; Section 3(g); Director,
Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation; Agency Split, New Agency;
Department of Environmental Resources; Department of Environmental
Protection; Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
This responds to your undated letter, in which you requested
advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of the Director of the
Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation following termination of
service with the Department of Environmental Resources.
Facts: As the former Director of the Bureau of Abandoned Mine
Reclamation (BAMR) for the Department of Environmental Resources
(DER), you request an advisory from the State Ethics Commission
regarding your legal ability to provide compensated consulting
services to contractors working for the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP),
and /or BAMR. Your employment as Director of BAMR was terminated as
of May 19, 1995. You had held that position from October, 1983.
The agency was known as DER for the entire period of your
employment. Copies of your job classification specifications and
organizational chart for this position have been obtained, which
documents are incorporated herein by reference.
You state that BAMR was unique within DER in that it did not
enforce regulations or laws and did not issue permits. Instead,
the main function of BAMR was to contract for government funded
land and water reclamation contracts. The main function of most
Bureaus within DER was to permit, inspect and enforce universal
compliance with environmental laws and regulations.
You now wish to provide compensated consulting services to
government contractors, a function which may require you to
interface with the government contracting agency. You would
Bielicki, Richard J. 95 -613
October 31, 1995
Page 2
generally be representing the contractor in disputes over work
items, payments, contract schedules and similar issues.
Services you would offer are of an engineering nature and are
most directly related to skills and experiences you have acquired
through education and employment prior to your position with
BAMR /DER.
You have posed the following specific inquiries:
1. Whether you may provide the above stated consulting
services to contractors of any government agency
during the exclusion period;
2. Whether you may provide these services to
contractors of any government agency with the
exception of BAMR during the exclusion period
(since BAMR was atypical of DER Bureaus, providing
these services to other DER -DEP Bureaus, you feel,
appears to meet the requirements of the Conflicts
of Interests statutes);
3. Whether you may provide these services to
contractors of any government agency with the
exception of DER during the exclusion period (since
DER no longer exists, you seek guidance on how to
address this problem);
4. Whether you may provide these services to
contractors of any government agency with the
exception of DEP (which assumed some of the
functions of the former DER) during the exclusion
period;
5. Whether you may provide these services to
contractors of any government agency with the
exception of DCNR (which assumed some of the
functions of the former DER) during the exclusion
period;
6. Which, if any, government agencies you would be
prohibited from appearing before as a compensated
consultant during the exclusion period;
7. Whether you may appear before any of the agencies
in an uncompensated status (except for direct
expenses), that you would be prohibited from
appearing before in a compensated status;
8. Whether there are any other prohibitions,
exclusions, or other matters of which you should be
Bielicki, Richard J. 95 -613
October 31, 1995
Page 3
aware?
As a footnote to the facts which you have submitted, it is
noted that DCNR is an acronym for the Department of Conservation
and Natural Resources.
Discussion: In your former capacity as the Director of BAMR, you
would be considered a "public official /public employee" within the
definition of that term as set forth in the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65
P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §11.1. This conclusion is based upon the
job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis,
indicates clearly that the power exists to take or recommend
official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to
contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or
monitoring grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other
activities where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on
the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you became
a "former" public official /public employee subject to Section 3(g)
of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you have been associated while working with DER must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
Bielicki, Richard J. 95 -613
October 31, 1995
Page 4
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, the
governmental body with which you were associated upon termination
of public service would be DER in its entirety including but not
limited to BAMR. The above is based upon the language of the
Ethics Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House,
1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this
Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found
that a former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Shama, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant to
a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/
employee had influence or control but extended to the entire
governmental body with which the public official /employee was
associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the legislative
debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. §1901, it is clear that the governmental body with which you
were associated upon termination would be DER in its entirety.
Within the first year after termination of service with DER,
Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict
representation of persons or new employers vis -a -vis your former
governmental body in its entirety, including but not limited to
BAMR. The split of DER creating two new agencies would not change
the prohibition: you would not be allowed to represent a person
before any such agencies which were formerly DER.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before
Bielicki, Richard J. 95 -613
October 31, 1995
Page 5
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
by or contain the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in relation
to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
Bielicki, Richard J. 95 -613
October 31, 1995
Page 6
governmental body. In Shay, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented
to your former governmental body. However, you may not be
identified on documents submitted to your former governmental body.
You may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance
before your former governmental body. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to your former
governmental body. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law would
not prohibit or preclude the making of general informational
inquiries of your former govermental body to secure information
which is available to the general public. This must not be done in
an effort to indirectly influence the former governmental body or
to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work
for the new employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
In applying the definition of "Person" quoted above, the
Commission has held that the term includes a former public employee
representing himself in providing consulting services to his former
governmental body. Confidential Opinion 93 -005. Further, the term
"Person" includes a new government employer which is represented by
the former public employee before his former governmental employer.
Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
As for your specific inquiries, all but the seventh inquiry
have been addressed fully above. As for your seventh specific
inquiry, by its own terms, Section 3(g) applies to representation
with "promised or actual compensation." It is not clear from your
letter what you mean by "direct expenses," so that portion of your
inquiry may not be addressed. It is possible that what you
consider to be a "direct expense" may be a form of compensation.
You may seek further advice as specific circumstances arise.
Furthermore, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
Bielicki, Richard J. 95 -613
October 31, 1995
Page 7
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not
addressed herein is the applicability of the Governor's Code of
Conduct.
Conclusion: In your former capacity as the Director of the Bureau
of Abandoned Mine Reclamation (BAMR) for the Department of
Environmental Resources (DER), you would be considered a "public
official /public employee" as defined in the Ethics Law. Upon
termination of service with DER, you became a "former" public
official /public employee subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics
Law. The former governmental body is DER and any agencies created
as the result of a split of DER, including the Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Conservation and
Natural Resources. The restrictions as to representation outlined
above must be followed. The propriety of the proposed conduct has
only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you
have any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the
Advice to the full Commission. A personal appearance
before the Commission will be scheduled and a formal
Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Bielicki, Richard J. 95 -613
October 31, 1995
Page 8
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be
actually received at the Commission within thirty (30)
days of the date of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code
513.2(h). The appeal may be received at the Commission
by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery service,
or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806). Failure to file
such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days
may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Vincent J. D ko
Chief Counsel