HomeMy WebLinkAbout95-597 RaybackJames M. Rayback, Esquire
Solicitor for Centre County
Rayback and Blanarik, Inc.
Attorneys at Law
102 East College Avenue
State College, PA 16801
Dear Mr. Rayback:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 25, 1995
95 -597
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); County; Finance
Director.
This responds to your letter of July 25, 1995, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon the employment of a county finance
director following termination of service with the county.
Facts: After referencing a conversation on July 24, 1995 with
staff in the Office of Chief Counsel concerning a situation in
Centre County, you now write to the Commission on behalf of the
Commissioners of Centre County as their Solicitor and with the
permission of Dee Elbell, the Centre County Director of Finance, to
request an opinion from this office.
You have enclosed a copy of the job description for the
Director of Finance in Centre County which is incorporated herein
by reference. The Director of Finance monitors contractors to
insure compliance with contracts in Centre County. The current
director monitors a company which provides computer assistance,
management, repair, software, and advice to Centre County. That
computer company is working under a five year contract which
contract was "formed" before Ms. Elbell was hired by Centre County
on February 21, 1995. Ms. Elbell has direct contact with RBA
(which is apparently the computer company). The job description of
Elbell details all of her job duties and her areas of discretion.
RBA recently advertised for a position to act as the primary
liaison /staff person on behalf of RBA to manage the Centre County
Rayback, Esquire, James M., 95 -597
August 25, 1995
Page 2
contract. After Ms. Elbell applied for the position, she was
accepted and is due to begin work in the near future. Since the
issue of an ethics violation was raised, you have contacted the
Commission.
You understand that there is a possibility of an ethics
violation in this situation because of her position as a public
official under 65 P.S. §403. You were told that she would be
permitted to go to work for RBA but that she would not be permitted
to represent RBA before Centre County Government. You need a
confirmation from the Commission and an explanation of what it
means to represent RBA before Centre County Government. You ask
whether representation includes only negotiations or something as
low level as making phone calls or writing letters to Centre County
on behalf of RBA.
Even though you think you know the position that the
Commission will take on the above, you request an official opinion
from the Commission.
Discussion: As the Finance Director for Centre County, Dee Elbell
(Elbell) is to be considered a "public employee" within the
definition of that term as set forth in the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65
P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §11.1. This conclusion is based upon the
job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis,
indicates clearly that the power exists to take or recommend
official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to
contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or
monitoring grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other
activities where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on
the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, Elbell would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which Elbell is associated while working with Centre County must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
Rayback, Esquire, James M., 95 -597
August 25, 1995
Page 3
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which Elbell is
associated upon termination of public service would be Centre
County. The above is based upon the language of the Ethics Law,
the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this Commission.
Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a
former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare (DPW)
was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant to
a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with Centre County, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and
restrict representation of persons or new employers vis -a -vis
Centre County.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/
employee had influence or control but extended to the entire
governmental body with which the public official /employee was
associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the legislative
debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
Rayback, Esquire, James M., 95 -597
August 25, 1995
Page 4
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. §1901, it is clear that the governmental body with which
Elbell is associated is Centre County.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
Rayback, Esquire,
August 25, 1995
Page 5
James M., 95 -597
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are
by or contain the of the former
official /employee;
name
signed
public
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shay, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, Elbell should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
Elbell may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to Centre County. However, Elbell may not be identified
on documents submitted to Centre County. Elbell may also counsel
any person regarding that person's appearance before Centre County.
Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not be
revealed to Centre County. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law
would not prohibit or preclude the making of general informational
inquiries of Centre County to secure information which is available
to the general public. This must not be done in an effort to
indirectly influence the former governmental body or to otherwise
make known to that body the representation of, or work for the new
employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
In applying the definition of "Person" quoted above, the
Commission has held that the term includes a former public employee
representing himself in providing consulting services to his former
Rayback, Esquire, James M., 95 -597
August 25, 1995
Page 6
governmental body
"Person" includes
the former public
Ledebur, Opinion
. Confidential Opinion 93 -005. Further, the term
a new government employer which is represented by
employee before his former governmental employer.
95 -007.
Furthermore, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
As to Elbell, her actions in applying for and obtaining the
position with RBA is past conduct and is not addressed in this
advisory which by definition is limited to future prospective
conduct.
As to the contacts that Elbell would make to Centre County on
behalf of RBA, the prohibitions associated with the term
representation have been set forth above.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a Finance Director for Centre County, Elbell is to
be considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics Law.
Upon termination of service with Centre County, Elbell would become
a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics
Law. The former governmental body is Centre County. The
restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under
the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
Rayback, Esquire, James M., 95 -597
August 25, 1995
Page 7
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have
any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the
full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the
Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 513.2(h). The appeal may
be received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States
mail, delivery-service, or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806).
Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty
(30) days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
cerely,
•
Vincent Dopko
Chief Counsel