HomeMy WebLinkAbout95-592 NazarSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 1, 1995
Kathleen L. Nazar
RD 2, Box 3740
Grantville, PA 17028 95 -592
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); DPW; Welfare Program
Executive I.
Dear Ms. Nazar:
This responds to your letter of July 11, 1995, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon the employment of a Welfare Program
Executive I following termination of service with the Department of
Public Welfare (DPW).
Facts: You request an advisory about a prospective change in
employment. You would like to retire from state employment in the
beginning of August, 1995, and accept a position as senior
statistician with Villanova University. This is a staff position
within the Office of Planning and Institutional Research to conduct
internal /institutional strategic planning, quality improvement
initiatives, survey research, and program and service evaluation.
You have attached the Senior Statistician job announcement from the
Philadelphia Inquirer which lists the responsibilities in more
detail and which is incorporated herein by reference. You would
not be working on any current external contracts.
You are currently the DPW Division Chief for Evaluation and
Data Analysis in the Office of Program Development and Support with
a classification of Welfare Program Executive I. Your supervisor
is the Office Director who reports to the Executive Deputy
Secretary and the Secretary. Your division conducts evaluations
and contracts for evaluations through competitive bid processes.
One of the evaluation contracts is with Villanova University
for which you have been the Project Officer. This contract was
awarded in 1990 through an RFP competitive bid process. As the
Project Officer you served as chair of the evaluation selection
Nazar, Kathleen L., 95 -592
August 1, 1995
Page 2
committee. The committee made recommendations to the Secretary
through the Office Director. In your position you have not been
signatory on any contracts. As Project Officer you review all
invoices in accordance with the budget, review line -item changes of
the budget, ensure work is completed according to work -plans and
contract terms, and coordinate all final reviews of reports and
deliverables. At the request of the Department of Health, the
contract with Villanova was subsequently amended to add related
work. A staff person within the Health Department is the Project
Officer for that portion of the contract and you serve as Contract
Officer, facilitating invoicing and payments in accordance with the
contract.
You have enclosed the following attachments to provide
additional information which are incorporated herein by reference:
DPW Organization Chart
Current Organization Chart for Office
(Your office is undergoing a name change. It was formerly the
Office of Policy, Evaluation and Development as shown in the
DPW Organization Chart.)
Current Job Description for your position as Division Chief
Specifications for your classification as Welfare Program
Executive I
Job announcement for new position at Villanova University
Your resume and cover letter submitted for the position
You seek an expeditious review since you would like to retire
within the first two weeks of August and provide at least a two
week notice which you will not do until you receive the
Commission's opinion.
Discussion: As a Welfare Program Executive I for DPW, you are to
be considered a "public employee" within the definition of that
term as set forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
and the Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code
§11.1. This conclusion is based upon the job description, which
when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates clearly that the
power exists to take or recommend official action of a non -
ministerial nature with respect to contracting, procurement,
planning, inspecting, administering or monitoring grants, leasing,
regulating, auditing or other activities where the economic impact
is greater than de minimis on the interests of another person.
Nazar, Kathleen L., 95 -592
August 1, 1995
Page 3
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you are associated while working with DPW must be identified.
Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with the concept and
term of "representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you are
associated upon termination of public service would be DPW. The
above is based upon the language of the Ethics Law, the legislative
intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290,
291) and the prior precedent of this Commission. Thus, in Sirolli,
Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a former Division
Director of the Department of Public Welfare (DPW) was not merely
restricted to the particular Division as was contended but was in
fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the one year representation
restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R, it was
determined that a former legislative assistant to a state senator
was not merely restricted to that particular senator but to the
entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Nazar, Kathleen L., 95 -592
August 1, 1995
Page 4
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with DPW, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict
representation of persons or new employers vis -a -vis DPW.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/
employee had influence or control but extended to the entire
governmental body with which the public official /employee was
associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the legislative
debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. §1901, it is clear that the governmental body with which you
are associated is DPW.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
Nazar, Kathleen L., 95 -592
August 1, 1995
Page 5
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
by or contain the name of the former public
official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shall, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented
to DPW. However, you may not be identified on documents submitted
to DPW. You may also counsel any person regarding that person's
appearance before DPW. Once again, however, the activity in this
respect should not be revealed to DPW. Of course, any ban under
the Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude the making of general
informational inquiries of DPW to secure information which is
available to the general public. This must not be done in an
effort to indirectly influence the former governmental body or to
otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work
Nazar, Kathleen L., 95 -592
August 1, 1995
Page 6
for the new employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
In Confidential Opinion 93 -005, the Commission held that
Section 3(g) precludes a former public official /employee from
providing consulting services to his former governmental body for
a period of one year after termination of service in that the
prohibition against representing a person includes the former
public official /employee representing himself.
Furthermore, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a Welfare Program Executive I, you are to be
considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics Law. Upon
termination of service with DPW, you would become a "former public
employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The former
governmental body is DPW. The restrictions as to representation
outlined above must be followed. The propriety of the proposed
conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
Nazar, Kathleen L., 95 -592
August 1, 1995
Page 7
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have
any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the
full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the
Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 513.2(h). The appeal may
be received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States
mail, delivery service, or by FAS transmission (717- 787 - 0806).
Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty
(30) days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
cerely,
Vincent . Dopko
Chief Counsel