HomeMy WebLinkAbout95-546 UtleyRichard H. Utley
1201 S. 19th Street
Harrisburg, PA 17104
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 13, 1995
95 -546
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Director /Commissioner of
Bureau; Department of State.
Dear Mr. Utley:
This responds to your letter of March 10, 1995, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of a director/
commissioner following termination of service with the Department
of State.
Facts: You were the Director of the Bureau of Charitable
Organizations from 1989 to January 1994 and the Commissioner of the
Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs from January 1994
to February 1995 for the Department of State (Department) . You are
interested in pursuing activities that may directly involve these
bureaus.
You specifically ask if you may register as a professional
fundraising counsel with the Bureau of Charitable Organizations,
pursuant to the Solicitation of Funds for Charitable Purposes Act,
Act 202 of 1990. You also ask if you may obtain a license to be a
fight promoter, an activity regulated by the State Athletics
Commission. You state that, as a fight promoter, you would not
directly or indirectly lobby or represent individuals before the
Department. However, you acknowledge, you would be regulated by
the Athletic Commission. You request advice from the Commission
regarding the above outlined activity.
Discussion: As a director /commissioner for bureaus within the
Department of State, you were considered a "public employee" within
the definition of that term as set forth in the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65
P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code §11.1. This conclusion is based upon the
Utley, Richard H., 95 -546
April 13, 1995
Page 2
job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis,
indicates clearly that the power exists to take or recommend
official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to
contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or
monitoring grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other
activities where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on
the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you became
a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the Ethics Act
provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you were associated while working with the Bureau of
Charitable Organizations and the Bureau of Professional and
Occupational Affairs must be identified. Then, the scope of the
prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you were
associated upon termination of public service would be the
Department of State. The above is based upon the language of the
Ethics Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House,
Utley, Richard H., 95 -546
April 13, 1995
Page 3
1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this
Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found
that a former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant to
a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with the bureaus in the Department of State, Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Law would apply and restrict representation of persons or
new employers vis -a -vis the Department of State.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/
employee had influence or control but extended to the entire
governmental body with which the public official /employee was
associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the legislative
debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. §1901, it is clear that the governmental body with which you
were associated is the Department of State.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
Utley, Richard H., 95 -546
April 13, 1995
Page 4
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
by or contain the name of the former public
official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shav, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
Utley, Richard H., 95 -546
April 13, 1995
Page 5
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented
to the Department of State. However, you may not be identified on
documents submitted to it. You may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before the Department. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed
to the Department. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law would
not prohibit or preclude the making of general informational
inquiries of the Department to secure information which is
available to the general public. This must not be done in an
effort to indirectly influence the former governmental body or to
otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work
for the new employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
In Confidential Opinion 93 -005, the Commission held that
Section 3(g) precludes a former public official /employee from
providing consulting services to his former governmental body for
a period of one year after termination of service in that the
prohibition against representing a person includes the former
public official /employee representing himself.
Furthermore, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Turning now to your specific questions, first you ask whether
you may register with the Bureau of Charitable Organizations as a
professional fundraising counsel pursuant to the Solicitation of
Funds for Charitable Purposes Act, Act 202 of 1990 (codified at 10
P.S. § §162.1- 162.24). Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law prohibits
representation by a former public employee "with promised or actual
compensation" on any matter before the former governmental
employer. 65 P.S. §403(g). A review of the registration
requirements of professional fundraising counsel, 10 P.S.
§162.8(a)-(c), indicates that "registration" is not a prohibited
Utley, Richard H., 95 -546
April 13, 1995
Page 6
activity under the Ethics Law because the "registration" itself is
not for "promised or actual compensation." Therefore, under the
Ethics Law, you would not be prohibited from registering as a
professional fundraising counsel. However, a review of the
contract provisions of the same section of the Act, 10 P.S.
§162.8(d),(e), indicates that contracts between professional
fundraising counsel and charitable organizations must be approved
by the Department of State before a professional fundraising
counsel may provide service to or solicitation for a charitable
organization. This activity would be prohibited by the Ethics Law
because the contract filed with the Department: would constitute
"representation" as defined above and would be "with promised or
actual consideration." Whether you would be representing the
charitable organization or yourself when submitting the contract
for approval is not relevant. The Commission has held that the
prohibition against representing a person includes the former
public official /employee representing himself. Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005. Therefore, while registering as a professional
fundraising counsel is not in and of itself a prohibited activity,
the Ethics Law would prohibit you from doing what the Solicitation
of Funds for Charitable Purposes Act would require.
You also ask whether you can obtain a license from the State
Athletics Commission to be a fight promoter. Again, Section 3(g)
of the Ethics Law prohibits representation by a former public
employee with promised or actual compensation" on any matter
before the former governmental employer. A review of the relevant
statutory provisions dealing with licensing of fight promoters, 5
P.S. § §902, 910, indicates that "licensing" is not a prohibited
activity under the Ethics Law because the "licensing" itself is not
for "promised or actual compensation." Therefore, under the
Ethics Law, you would not be prohibited from obtaining a license
from the State Ethics Commission to be a fight promoter. However,
a review of the permit provisions of the same statue, 5 P.S. § §906,
910, shows that, "[i]n addition to the promoter's license, each
promoter shall be required to procure a permit from the [Athletic]
Commission for each program of contest or exhibitions before
presenting that program." 5 P.S. §906. This activity would be
prohibited by the Ethics Law because to receive the permit, the
promoter must establish to the Commission that he has certain
personal and professional qualities as required by the statute. 5
P.S. §910. Such activity would constitute "representation" as
defined earlier and would be "with promised or actual
consideration." The fact that you would be representing your own
interest in obtaining the permit is not relevant, as outlined
previously. Therefore, while obtaining a license from the State
Athletics Commission to be a fight promoter is not in and of itself
a prohibited activity, the Ethics Law would prohibit you from
obtaining a permit for a "program."
Utley, Richard H., 95 -546
April 13, 1995
Page 7
This advice is specifically limited in application to the
specific questions posed.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a director /commissioner, you were considered a
"public employee" as defined in the Ethics Law. Upon termination
of service with the Department of State, you became a "former
public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The
former governmental body is the Department of State. The
restrictions as to representation outlined above must be followed.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under
the Ethics Law.
Further, the Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of
Financial Interests be filed for the year following termination of
service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have
any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the
full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the
Commission.
such.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within fifteen (15) days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa .Code 513.2(h). The appeal may
be received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States
mail, delivery service, or by FAX' transmission (717- 787 - 0806).
Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within fifteen
(15) days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Vincent Dopko
Chief Counsel