HomeMy WebLinkAbout95-519 ConfidentialSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 1, 1995
95 -519
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Borough, Councilman, Lost
Wages, Private Employment, Involuntary Court Appearance.
This responds to your letter of January 19, 1995, in which you
requested confidential advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon borough council
members from being reimbursed by the borough as to lost income from
private employment which occurred as a result of the involuntary
appearances by the council members in a court case.
Facts: On behalf of three Council Members from the Borough of A,
B, you request an advisory concerning the loss of personal income
from non - municipal private employment involuntarily suffered by the
three Members of Council in complying with an Order of the Court of
Common Pleas as to the case of C.
Although the Court Order directed all seven Members of Council
to appear, only the above three Council Members have suffered
losses and income from their non - municipal private employment. The
employers of these three Council Members have refused to pay the
Council Members for their time off from work. After noting that
the personal income losses ranged in amounts from approximately
$95.00 to $240.00, you ask whether Borough Council may under the
Ethics Law reimburse these three Members of Council for the loss of
personal income as to their private employment.
As per the legal requirements for these three individuals to
perform the duties of their office, they have carried out these
duties in asserting a defense on behalf of the best interests of
the Borough and residents in the above cited case. If the Borough
did not defend this action, the Borough would have been ordered to
allow a private developer to connect fourteen residential dwelling
units to the Borough operated sewer plant despite a DER ban on new
connections. The Borough Council defended the actions citing the
Confidential Advice, 95 -519
March 1, 1995
Page 2
illegality of the relief requested by the developer in order to
avoid the risk of contempt sanctions by both the Common Pleas Court
and DER.
After an evidentiary hearing was held before the Court, a
lengthy settlement conference was held by the Court with Counsels
for the developer, the Borough and another township which was a co-
defendant. At the settlement conference, the Borough's Counsel
restated the Borough's position that it could not allow connections
in light of the DER ban and, in that regard, certain correspondence
from DER was submitted to support the Borough position which was
offered as a defense. At that conference, a settlement was
considered whereby DER would be given a thirty day notice for
permission to intervene in the lawsuit. Counsel for Borough was of
the opinion during that conference that the failure of DER to
intervene in the action would not prevent DER from commencing
litigation against the Borough or Borough Authority as to knowingly
disregarding the ban for new connections. Despite the concerns of
Borough Counsel regarding the acceptability of certain terms of the
proposed settlement, the developer specifically rejected an idea
floated by Counsel for the Borough that DER approval for the new
connections be expressly acquired. The Court directed Borough
Counsel to consider the terms of the settlement, and if Council
would not settle on the proposed terms, then Council would have to
appear at a reconvened subsequent hearing. Thereafter, Borough
Council convened an executive session and, after review, concluded
that settlement was impossible without formal DER approval as to
any new connections.
Shortly thereafter, Borough's Counsel received correspondence
from DER which confirmed the correctness of the position taken by
the Borough as to its defense, namely, that relief from connections
must come from DER after it would have a meaningful opportunity to
review facts and circumstances and that DER would defer granting
relief until certain remedial construction would alleviate a
significant environmental concern of DER.
On the same date of receiving the concurrence of DER, Borough
Counsel advised Borough Council Members to appear in Court. At the
time the above three Members revealed a personal hardship upon
their personal finances to satisfy an Order of Court. The option
available to the above three Council Members would be to disregard
the Court Order mandating their appearance in order to satisfy
their personal needs. Non - appearance would subject the Borough as
party to the lawsuit to the risk of civil contempt proceedings and
the expenditure of public monies to satisfy such sanctions as well
as violating the Council Members' duty of fidelity under the
Borough Code thereby exposing themselves to surcharge and possible
fine under the Borough Code and compromising their position of
public trust in order to maintain their individual interest in
Confidential Advice, 95 -519
March 1, 1995
Page 3
their personal financial security.
After referencing the Preamble to the Ethics Law you believe
that the above three Council Members in seeking compensation for
lost employment would not be obtaining a financial gain because the
personal financial loss occurred by virtue of their holding public
office. You state that the faith and confidence in government
would be sustained because the Council Members strove to carry out
their duties of fidelity and loyalty for the best interests of the
Borough. You suggest that the failure to reimburse would penalize
these Council Members who bring their knowledge and concerns of
ordinary citizens and provide valuable input in Borough Council
deliberations. After referencing subparagraph B of the Preamble to
the Ethics Law, that persons should not be discouraged from
maintaining their contacts with their community through their
occupations and professions, you state that the local public office
is a heavy one which should not be made heavier by placing the risk
of financial loss on conscientiousness civil minded persons. You
believe that any conflict may be eliminated by full disclosure
under the Sunshine Law, full written disclosure in a resolution of
Borough Council authorizing reimbursement, recusal of affected
Members from voting on the resolution and the adoption or rejection
of the resolution as drafted by the Borough Solicitor. You state
that the Members of Borough Council believe that they have
authorization to reimburse the above three individuals under the
Borough Code.
As a result of the Court ordered appearance, the three members
of Council lost the following personal employment: D.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10)
and 7(11) of the Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11), advisories
are issued to the requestor based upon the facts which the
requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not
engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it
speculate as to facts which have not been submitted. It is the
burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11). An
advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requestor has
truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As Council Members for A, the three individuals are public
officials as that term is defined under the Ethics Law, and hence
they are subject to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
Confidential Advice, 95 -519
March 1, 1995
Page 4
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
In applying the provision of Section 3 (a) of the Ethics Law to
the instant matter, although it is clear that these three
individuals were performing their duties as Borough Council Members
in responding to the subpoena for a mandated Court appearance as to
litigation affecting a matter of the Borough sewer system, it is
equally true that the law requires that an individual, whether he
is a public official or a citizen, to comply with subpoenas issued
by the Court. The law further limits the individual subpoenaed to
a fee plus mileage under the Pennsylvania statutes. The foregoing
is all that is allowed in law.
The Commission has held that the receipt by a public
official /employee of compensation or money which is not authorized
Confidential Advice, 95 -519
March 1, 1995
Page 5
in law is considered to be a financial gain other than compensation
provided for by law or a private pecuniary benefit. See Hessinger,
Order 931. Thus, a public official /employee who receives money or
compensation by virtue of public office would have a conflict under
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law unless such financial gain or
pecuniary benefit is specifically authorized in law. In this case,
there is no provision in the Borough Code which would authorize the
reimbursement for lost wages and private employment for performing
Borough related duties. Therefore, since there is no authorization
in law to receive such reimbursement, aside from the witness fee
and mileage allowed as to subpoenaed witnesses, you are advised
that the three members under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law may not
receive such reimbursement under the Ethics Law.
The precise issue that you have raised has been addressed in
Confidential Opinion, 94 -003, wherein a municipal authority board
member sought to receive a reimbursement for lost wages in private
employment due to performing work for the municipal authority. The
Commission in concluding that such reimbursement for lost wages was
contrary to Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law stated:
Id. at 5.
When individuals accept these type of positions,
they do so knowing the demands of the office and the
limitations of the salary.
Although the above Opinion of the Commission was appealed to
Commonwealth Court, it was dismissed in the case of Suehr v. SEC,
filed in Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court at 1450 C.D. 1994 on
December 12, 1994, allocatur pending in the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court at 23 W.D. Allocatur Docket 95.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As Council Members, the three individuals are public
officials subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. Section
3(a) of the Ethics Law prohibits the receipt by Borough Council
Members of reimbursement for the loss of wages from private
employment resulting from the required appearance by the Council
Members in Court as to litigation concerning the Borough sewer
system. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only
been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
Confidential Advice, 95 -519
March 1, 1995
Page 6
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have
any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the
full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the
Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within fifteen (15) days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 513.2(h). The appeal may
be received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States
mail, delivery-service, or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806).
Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within fifteen
(15) days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
.ncerely,
Vincent . Dop o
Chief Counsel