HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-643 KurtzRegina J. Kurtz, President
Bolich and Burke, Inc.
1 -3 South Main Street
Shenandoah, PA 17976
Dear Ms. Kurtz:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 9, 1994
94 -643
Re: Conflict; Public Official /Employee; Township Supervisor;
Insurance Agent /Broker; Use of Authority of Office or
Confidential Information; Private Employment or Business;
Business with which Associated.
This responds to your letter of November 23, 1994, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law imposes
any prohibitions or restrictions upon a township supervisor who is
employed as an insurance agent and brokers the township's account
through another agent.
Facts: Although you are not presently an elected official, you
intend to announce your candidacy for Township Supervisor for West
Mahanoy Township in the primary election. You ask whether you
would violate "any ethics" by winning and serving as Supervisor
since you are also an insurance agent. You state that you broker
the Township's account through another agent.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10)
and 7(11) of the Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11), advisories
are issued to the requestor based upon the facts which the
requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not
engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it
speculate as to facts which have not been submitted. It is the
burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11). An
advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requestor has
truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Upon being elected Township Supervisor for West Mahanoy
Township, you would become a public official as that term is
Kurtz, Regina J., 94 -643
December 9, 1994
Page 2
defined under the Ethics Law, and hence you would be subject to the
provisions of that law. The pertinent provisions of the Ethics Law
are set forth below.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his "immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
"Financial interest." Any financial
interest in a legal entity engaged in business
for profit which comprises more than 5% of the
Kurtz, Regina J., 94 -643
December 9, 1994
Page 3
equity of the business or more than 5% of the
assets of the economic interest in
indebtedness.
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement
for the acquisition, use or disposal by the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision of
consulting or other services or of supplies,
materials, equipment, land or other personal
or real property. "Contract" shall not mean
an agreement or arrangement between the State
or political subdivision as one party and a
public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense,
reimbursement, salary, wage, retirement or
other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment
with the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(f) No public official or public
employee or his spouse or child or any
business in which the person or his spouse or
child is associated shall enter into any
contract valued at $500 or more with the
governmental body with which the public
official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with
any person who has been awarded a contract
with the governmental body with which the
public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been
awarded through an open and public process,
including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals considered
and contracts awarded. In such a case, the
public official or public employee shall not
Kurtz, Regina J., 94 -643
December 9, 1994
Page 4
have any supervisory or overall responsibility
for the implementation or administration of
the contract. Any contract or subcontract
made in violation of this subsection shall be
voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction
if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
Parenthetically, where contracting is otherwise allowed or
where there appears to be no expressed prohibitions to such
contracting, the above particular provision of the law would
require that an open and public process must be used in all
situations where a public official /employee is otherwise
appropriately contracting with his own governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with
the governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more. This open
and public process would require that the following be observed as
to the contract with the governmental body:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting
possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor/
applicant to be able to prepare and present an
application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications or proposals
considered and;
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and
accepted.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law also requires that the public
official /employee may not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility as to the implementation or administration of the
contract with the governmental body.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his
official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
Kurtz, Regina J., 94 -643
December 9, 1994
Page 5
disclose the nature of his interest, as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body
would be unable to take any action on a matter
before it because the number of members of the
body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority
or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained
from voting as a result of a conflict of
interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the
abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the
inability of the governmental body to take action because a
majority is unattainable due to the abstention(s) from conflict
under the Ethics Law, then in that event participation is
permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted above are
followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
Having set forth the pertinent provisions of the Ethics Law,
your inquiry will now be addressed.
You specifically ask whether the Ethics Law would preclude
your serving as a Township Supervisor given that you are also an
insurance agent and that you broker the Township's account through
another agent. You are advised that Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law
would not preclude your holding office as a West Mahanoy Township
Supervisor under these circumstances. However, in your capacity as
a public official, you would be subject to the Ethics Law and
certain restrictions would be placed upon you as to your official
conduct.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law does not prohibit public
officials /employees from outside business activities or employment;
however, the public official /employee may not use the authority of
Kurtz, Regina J., 94 -643
December 9, 1994
Page 6
office or confidential information received by being in that
position for the advancement of his own private pecuniary benefit
or that of a business with which he is associated. Pancoe, Opinion
89 -011. Your insurance agency would be a business with which you
are associated.
You would have a conflict of interest as to matters involving
your insurance agency and specifically as to matters involving the
Township's account which you broker through another agent.
It is additionally noted that pursuant to Section 3(a) of the
Ethics Law, a public official may not use the authority of public
office or confidential information received by being in that
position to the detriment of business competitors. See, Pepper,
Opinion 87 -008.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be
required to abstain from any participation and to fully satisfy the
disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) as set forth above.
A public official /employee must exercise caution so that his
private business activities do not conflict with his public cou not
Crisci, Opinion 89 -013. Thus, a public official/employee
perform private business using governmental facilities or
personnel. In particular, the governmental
telephones,
any t
staff, equipment, research materials, personnel
property could not be used as a means, in whole or part, to carry
out private business activities. In addition, the public
official /employee could not during government working hours,
solicit or promote such business activity. Pancoe, supra.
You are further advised that Section 3(f) must be observed as
y o ctracts body business
West Mahanoy Township), and
where the value of
your governor Y
the contract would be $500.00 or more.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not address
herein is the applicability of the Second Class Township Code,
Insurance Department Act of 1921 or other insurance laws, and /or
any code of ethics pertaining to your profession, and it is
recommended that you seek the advice of legal counsel as to the
applicability of same to your proposed service as a Township
Supervisor under the circumstances that you have presented.
West
Conclusion: Upon being elected Township official Supervisor f t r to the
Mahanoy Township, you would become a public
Kurtz, Regina J., 94 -643
December 9, 1994
Page 7
provisions of the Ethics Law. Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would
not preclude your service as a Township Supervisor merely because
you are also an insurance agent or because you broker the
Township's account through another agent. However, the
restrictions of Sections 3(a), (b) , (c) , (f) , and (j) as set forth
above must be observed. Pursuant to Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law,
you would have a conflict of interest as to matters pertaining to
your insurance agency and specifically pertaining to the Township's
account. Section 3(a) would prohibit any use of authority of
office or confidential information received by being in that
position for the private pecuniary benefit of a business with which
you are associated or for the detriment of a business competitor.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required
to abstain from any participation and to fully satisfy the
disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) set forth above. The
restrictions of Section 3(f) must be observed as to contracts
valued at $500.00 or more between a business with which you are
associated and your governmental body. Lastly, the propriety of
the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have
any reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the
full Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the
Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within fifteen (15) days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 513.2(h). The appeal may
be received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States
mail, delivery-service, or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806).
Failure to file such an appeal at the Commission within fifteen
(15) days may result in the dismissal of the appeal.
cerely,
Vincent Dopko
Chief Counsel