HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-584 BitlerSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 15, 1994
Richard M. Bitler
R.R. #1, Box 560
Muncy, PA 17756 94 -584
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Township Supervisor, Use
of Authority of Office or Confidential Information, Business
with which Associated, Volunteer Fire Company, Firefighter,
Life Member.
Dear Mr. Bitler:
This responds to your letter of June 7, 1994 in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a township supervisor
who is also a firefighter and life member, but not an officer or
employer, in a fire company which serves the township, with regard
to matters concerning the fire company.
Facts: As a Township Supervisor for Muncy Creek Township and a
firefighter and life member of the Muncy Creek Community Fire
Company, you request an advisory from the State Ethics Commission
as to whether you would have a conflict of interest in matters
pertaining to the said Fire Company. You are a life member of the
Fire Company but hold no office. You attend some meetings, but
abstain from voting on any issues, which abstention is recorded in
the Fire Company minutes. You fight fires, run ambulance calls,
participate in practices and fund raisers, and help wherever you
can.
You outline the connection between the Township and the Fire
Company as follows. The Township pays for the Fire Company's
workmen's compensation insurance and liability insurance. The
Township from time to time donates or gives money to the Fire
Company to purchase items needed by the Fire Company, such as
hoses, breathing apparatus, repairs for trucks, fire hydrants, and
the like. The Fire Company raises the rest of the money it needs.
Bitler, Richard M., 94 -584
July 15, 1994
Page 2
You pose the following specific inquiries:
1. Whether, as a Muncy Creek Township Supervisor, you should
abstain from voting on matters pertaining to the Muncy
Creek Community Fire Company, which matters could
include, for example, the general operations of the Fire
Company, ordinances that affect the Fire Company such as
hazardous waste clean up from vehicular accidents, and
other general business that may arise; and
2. Whether as a Muncy Creek Township Supervisor, you should
abstain from voting on matters pertaining to the Muncy
Creek Community Fire Company that involve financial
donations or loans to the Fire Company for its
operations.
Based upon the above, you request an advisory from the State
Ethics Commission.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10)
and 7(11) of the Ethics Law, 65 P.S. § §407(10), (11), advisories
are issued to the requestor based upon the facts which the
requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not
engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it
speculate as to facts which, have not been submitted. It is the
burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S. §S407(10), (11). An
advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requestor has
truthfully disclosed all of the material facts. It appears from
the facts which you have submitted that you are a volunteer for the
Muncy Creek Community Fire Company and are not an employee of the
Fire Company.
As a Township Supervisor for Muncy Creek Township, you are a
public official as that term is defined under the Ethics Law, and
hence you are subject to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Bitler, Richard M., 94 -584
July 15, 1994
Page 3
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
"Business." Any corporation,
partnership, sole proprietorship, firm,
enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual,
holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics La* provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
Bitler, Richard M., 94 -584
July 15, 1994
Page 4
complete response to the question presented.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his
official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest, as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body
would be unable to take any action on a matter
before it because the number of members of the
body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority
or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained
from voting as a result of a conflict of
interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the
abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor. •
In the event that the required abstention results in the
inability of the governmental body to take action because a
majority is unattainable due to the abstention(s) from conflict
under the Ethics Law, then in that event participation is
permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted above are
followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
Bitter, Richard M., 94 -584
July 15, 1994
Page 5
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
circumstances which you have submitted, pursuant to Section 3(a) of
the Ethics Law, a public official /public employee is prohibited
from using the authority of public office /employment or
confidential information received by holding such a public position
for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public
employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
Depending upon the circumstances in a given case, a fire
company may be viewed as part of a governmental body such as a
township, or as a private entity meeting the definition of
"business" as set forth in the Ethics Law and above. If a fire
company is part of the governmental body in which the public
official /public employee in question serves, it may generally be
said that a private pecuniary benefit to the fire company alone
would not present a conflict of interest for the public official.
Only if there were additional circumstances, such as if the public
official /public employee or a member of his immediate family would
also derive a private pecuniary benefit, could there be a conflict
of interest. If, on the other hand, the fire company is a
"business," there is the potential for a conflict of interest
solely based upon a private pecuniary benefit to the fire company,
because the fire company is then an entity separate from the
governmental body. The issue is whether the fire company is a
"business with which [the public official /public employee] is
associated," as that term is defined in the Ethics Law. That
definition would include any business of which the public
official /public employee or a member of his immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee, or has a financial interest.
In this case, it is clear that Muncy Creek Community Fire
Company is not a business with which you are associated because you
are not an officer or employee. Thus, in matters where the sole
private pecuniary benefit would be for the fire company itself, you
would not have a conflict of interest regardless of the nature of
the fire company. A conflict of interest under the Ethics Law
would only arise in matters where you, a member of your immediate
family, or a business with which you or a member of your immediate
family is associated (not the fire company) would receive a private
pecuniary benefit. Based upon this conclusion, the status of the
Muncy Creek Community Fire Company as either a part of the
governmental body or as a private business entity need not be
addressed in this case.
In response to your two specific inquiries, the Ethics Law
would not require that you abstain from voting on matters
pertaining to the Muncy Creek Community Fire Company such as the
Fire Company's general operations, ordinances that affect the Fire
Company on matters such as hazardous waste clean up from vehicular
Hitler, Richard M., 94 -584
July 15, 1994
Page 6
accidents, other general business that might arise, and /or
financial donations or loans to the Fire Company for its
operations, unless as to such matters, you, a member of your
immediate family, or a business with which you are associated (not
the Fire Company) would receive a private pecuniary benefit.
You would receive a private pecuniary benefit from official
action as to the Fire Company's workmen's compensation insurance
and liability insurance. However, the exception to the definition
of "conflict of interest" include official action "which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official 65 P.S. S402. Conditioned
upon the assumption that you would benefit from the Fire Company's
workman's compensation insurance and liability insurance to the
same degree as the other firefighters, you would not have a
conflict of interest as to those matters.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed
herein is the applicability of the Second Class Township Code or
Muncy Creek Township Ordinances.
Conclusion: As a Township Supervisor for Muncy Creek Township, you
are a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law.
The Muncy Creek Community Fire Company is not a business with which
you are associated. You would not have a conflict of interest
under the Ethics Law as to matters concerning the Muncy Creek
Community Fire Company where there would be no private pecuniary
benefit to you, a member of your immediate family, or a business
with which you or a member of your immediate family is associated.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Bitter, Richard M., 94 -584
July 15, 1994
Page 7
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within fifteen (15) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787- 0806). Failure to file such
an appeal at the Commission within fifteen (15) days may result in the
dismissal of the appeal.
cerely,
v•N
Vincent Dopko
Chief Counsel