HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-545 MercerDonald L. Mercer
P.O. Box 62
Troutville, PA 15866
Dear Mr. Mercer:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 8, 1994
94 -545
Re: Simultaneous Service, Borough Council Member and Borough
Employee.
This responds to your letter of March 9, 1994, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law imposes
any prohibition or restrictions upon a Borough Council Member from
also serving or being employed as a Borough employee.
Facts: You are a Member of the Troutville Borough Council. The
Borough has a population of approximately 150 to 200 residents.
There are five Council Members and there are no Borough employees.
One Council Member is the Street Supervisor and was appointed by
Council to do the snowplowing. You state that this individual has
been unable to perform the job on a regular basis and has called
you and another Council Member to do the plowing for him. This
practice has been occurring for some period of time without any
problems.
Now a problem has arisen between the Council Members regarding
payment for the snow plowing. You state that you have reviewed
sections 1101 and 1104 of the Borough Code and cannot find anything
which would prohibit such payment.
In addition, you state that Council Members are paid $5.00
each month if they attend the Council meetings, not including
special meetings. When anyone does any plowing, they are paid
$4.25 per hour. When you and the other Council Member do plowing,
it is with full approval of the Council and when Council Members
hand in their time, they do not vote on payments for themselves.
Their bills are set aside from the regular bills and are voted on
separately. Because there is confusion as to how the law is
interpreted, you request an advisory from the State Ethics
Mercer, Donald L., 94 -545
April 8, 1994
Page 2
Commission as to whether, pursuant to the Ethics Law, Council
Members may be paid to work for the Borough as set forth above.
Discussion: As a Council Member for the Borough of Troutville, you
are a "public official" as that term is defined in the Ethics Law
and hence you are subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. 65
P.S. 5402; 51 Pa. Code S11.1.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined under the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
any thing of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept any thing of monetary value based upon the
Mercer, Donald L., 94 -545
April 8, 1994
Page 3
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his
official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest, as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body
would be unable to take any action on a.matter
before it because the number of members of the
body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority
or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such . members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are, made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
.three- member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained
from voting as a result of a conflict of
-interest, and the remaining. two members of the
governing body have cast,opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
65 P.S. S403(j).
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the
abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
Advisories may only address questions regarding the duties and
responsibilities of public officials /employees within the purview
of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. If, however,
Mercer, Donald L., 94 -545
April 8, 1994
Page 4
certain provisions of other laws impact upon the Ethics Law or the
Ethics Law accords jurisdiction in relation to other provisions of
law, then it may be necessary to review such provisions of law.
Confidential Opinion 90 -012, at 5 (Citing Bigler, Opinion 85 -020)
(Reviewing Municipality Authorities Act.) Accord, Confidential
Opinion 91 -001 at 4 (Reviewing Second Class Township Code). Under
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law quoted above, the Commission has
determined that if a particular statutory enactment prohibits an
official's receipt of a particular benefit, then that official's
receipt of such a prohibited benefit, in and through the authority
of office, would also be in contravention of the Ethics Law.
Hoak /McCutcheon v. State Ethics Commission, 77 Pa. Cmwlth. 529, 466
A.2d 283 (1983).
In this case, the relevant statutory enactment to be reviewed
is Section 1104 of the Borough Code, which provides in pertinent
part:
S46104. Appointments; Incompatible Offices.
Unless there is incompatibility in fact, any
elective or appointive officer of the borough shall be
eligible to serve on any board, commission, bureau or
other agency created by or for the borough, or any
borough official created or authorized by statute and may
accept appointments thereunder, but no mayor or
councilman shall receive compensation therefor. two
elected borough official of a borough with a population
of 3.000 or more may serve as an emvloyee of that
borough Where there is no compatibility in fact, and
subject to the foregoing provisions as to compensation,
appointees of council may hold two or more appointive
borough offices, but no mayor or member of council may
serve as borough manager or as secretary of treasurer.
No person holding the office of justice of the peace may
at the same time hold the office of borough treasurer.
The offices of secretary and treasurer may be held by the
same person when so authorized by ordinance. Nothing
herein contained shall affect the eligibility of any
borough official to hold any other public office or
receive compensation therefor. All appointments to be
made by the council or the corporate authorities shall be
made by a majority of the members of council attending
the meeting at which the appointment is made, unless a
different vote is required by statute.
53 P.S. 546104 (Emphasis added).
In considering the above provision of law, the focus of an
application of the Ethics Law would be to determine whether
Mercer, Donald L., 94 -545
April 8, 1994
Page 5
receiving compensation as employees of the Borough while
simultaneously serving as a Member of the Borough Council would be
the receipt of a prohibited benefit, in and through the authority
of office, such that it would be in contravention of the Ethics
Law. The relevant portion of the above provision prohibits an
elected borough official of a Borough with as population of 3,000
or more from serving as an employee of that Borough. Although this
Commission would not have the express statutory authority to
interpret this provision of the Borough Code, it seems clear, based
upon your representation that the population of the Borough of
Troutville is under 3,,000, that the receipt of compensation as
Borough employees while simultaneously serving as Members of the
Borough Council would not be the receipt of a prohibited benefit in
and through the use of authority of office. See Deitrick, Opinion
89 -022 and Moser, Advice 93 -506.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
question of simultaneous service, there does not appear to be any
real possibility of a private pecuniary benefit or inherent
conflict arising if the Borough Council Members were to serve both
as a public official /employee and as Borough employees. Basically,
the Ethics Law does not state that it is inherently incompatible
for a public official /employee to serve or be employed as employees
of the Borough. The main prohibition under the Ethics Law and
Opinions of the Ethics Commission is that one may not serve the
interests of two persons, groups, or entities whose interests may
be inherently adverse or in a manner whereby the public official is
using public office for a private pecuniary benefit. For example,
it would be contrary to the Ethics Law for Council Members to use
the authority of office in such a way that they would be creating
more hours for themselves. as Borough employees which would result
in the receipt of additional compensation as Borough employees.
Smith Opinion, 89 -010. In this case, since it is the - Street
Supervisor who contacts you to do the work, it is factually assumed
that you are not in charge_ of determining your own work hours.
Thus, therewould not be the use of authority of office.
Turning to the question of conflict of interest, pursuant to
Section 3(a) of Ethics-Law, a public official /public employee
is prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment
or •confidential information. received by holding such a public
position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public
official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate
family, a business with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. Should a situation arise where the use of
authority of public office /employment or confidential information
received by holding the above public positions could result in a
prohibited private pecuniary benefit, a conflict of interest would
arise. In each instance of a conflict of interest, Borough Council
Members would be required to fully abstain and to publicly announce
Mercer, Donald L., 94 -545
April 8, 1994
Page 6
and disclose the abstention and the reasons for same in a written
memorandum filed with the appropriate person (supervisor or
secretary who keeps the minutes). If such a situation would arise,
additional advice may be sought from the Commission.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a Borough Council Member for the Borough of
Troutville, you area "public official" subject to the provisions
of the Ethics Law. As public officials /employees, you may,
consistent with Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law, simultaneously
serve in the position of Borough Council Member and Borough
employee, subject to the restrictions, conditions and
qualifications set forth above. Lastly, the propriety of the
proposed course of conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed. truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within fifteen (15) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 7870806).
ncerely,
Vincent J Dopko
Chief Counsel