HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-532 PetitDear Mr. Petit:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 25, 1994
John C. Petit, Esquire
96 North Main and Chestnut Street
Washington, PA 15301 -4515
94 -532
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Township Supervisor,
Purchase of School District Property within the Township.
This responds to your letter of February 25, 1994 in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a Township Supervisor
from purchasing property from the School District located within
the Township.
Facts: You are Solicitor for Canton Township, Washington County.
The Chairman of the Board of Supervisors, Michael Kopko, directed
you to obtain this advisory concerning a possible conflict of
interest in connection with purchasing an elementary school located
within Canton Township.
The Trinity Area School District, which includes Canton
Township, recently constructed a number of new elementary schools.
As a result, the district is selling old elementary schools through
public auction.
Approximately one year ago, the Board of Supervisors commenced
a plan to promote and expand the township building. The Township
Engineer prepared specification and, to date, about $15,000.00 has
been spent on the project.
In January, 1994, a new board member took office. This
individual was supported by a group of citizens that has been
encouraging the Board to abandon the expansion and renovation
project and purchase an elementary school that is for sale. At a
Board meeting about one month ago, this new member made an motion
to purchase the schools however, the motion failed due to the lack
Petit, John C., Esquire, 94 -532 = cF2 °P`'
March 25, 1994
Page 2
of a second on the motion. After that meeting, a bid was let for
earth removal regarding the expansion project, which project is now
in progress.
Mr. Kopko is a contractor. He previously purchased an
elementary school in the Trinity Area School District. He has also
purchased an elementary school in the Washington School District.
Mr. Kopko has expressed an interest in purchasing the school
currently for sale which school is the one the group of citizens
had encouraged the Board to purchase.
You state that you advised Mr. Kopko that if the Township
passed the motion to actively attempt to purchase the building, it
would be a conflict for him to bid on the building for his personal
use. In this case, however, since the motion to purchase the
school failed to even receive a second, and the majority of the
board has proceeded with the renovation and expansion project, you
have advised Mr. Kopko that there is no conflict and he may take
whatever steps he deems necessary to purchase the school.
Based upon the above, you request an advisory from the State
Ethics Commission as to whether a conflict of interest exists under
the Ethics Law regarding Mr. Kopko's purchase of the elementary
school.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 7(10)
and 7(11) of the Ethics Law, 65 P.S. SS407(10), (11), advisories
are issued to the requestor . based upon the facts which the
requestor has submitted. In issuing the advisory based upon the
facts which the requestor has submitted, the Commission does not
engage in an independent investigation of the facts, nor does it
speculate as to facts which have not .been submitted. It is the
burden of the requestor to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 P.S.'- 5S407(10), (11). An
advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requestor has
truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a Supervisor for Canton Township, Washington County, Mr,.
Michael Kopko is a public official as that term is defined under
the Ethics Law, and hence he is subject to the provisions of that
law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
Petit, John C., Esquire, 94 -532 r-
March 25, 1994
Page 3
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding_ public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment. " The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
"Financial interest." Any financial
interest in a. legal entity engaged in business
for profit which comprises more than 5% of the
equity of the business or more than 5% of the
assets of the economic interest in
indebtedness.
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement
for the acquisition, use or disposal by the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision of
consulting or other services or of supplies,
materials, equipment, land or other personal
or real property. "Contract" shall not mean
an agreement or arrangement between the State
Petit, John C., Esquire, 94 -532
March 25, 1994
Page 4
or political subdivision as one party and a
public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense,
reimbursement, salary, wage, retirement or
other benefit, tenure' or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment
with the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby.
Section 3. Restricted _Activities
(f) No public official or public
employee or his spouse or child or any
business in which the person or his spouse or
child is associated shall enter into any
contract valued at $500. or more: with the
governmental body with which the public
official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with
any person who has been awarded a contract
with the governmental body with which the
public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been
awarded through an open and public process,
including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals considered
and contracts awarded. In such a case, the
public official or public employee shall not
have any supervisory or overall responsibility
for the implementation or administration of
the contract. Any contract or subcontract
made in violation of this subsection shall be
voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction
if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
65 P.S. 5403(f).
Parenthetically, where contracting is otherwise allowed or
where there appears to be no expressed prohibitions to such
contracting, the above particular provision of the law would
require that an open and public process must be used in all
situations where a public official /employee is otherwise
Petit, John C., Esquire, 94 -532
March 25, 1994
Page 5
appropriately contracting with his own governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with
the governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more. This open
and public process would require that the following be observed as
to the contract with the governmental body:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting
possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor/
applicant to be able to prepare and present an
application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications or proposals
considered and;
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and
accepted.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law also requires that the public
official /employee may not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility as to the implementation or administration of the
contract with the governmental body.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his
official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would - result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest, as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body
would be unable to take any action on a matter
before it because the number of members of the
body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority
or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
Petit, John C., Esquire, 94 -532
March 25, 1994
Page 6
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one .member has abstained
from voting as a result of a conflict of
interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the
abstention and reasons for same, both orally, and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In the event that the required abstention results in the
inability of the governmental body to take action because a
majority is unattainable due to the abstention(s) from conflict
under the Ethics Law, then in that event participation is
permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted above are
followed. See, Mlakar, Advice 91- 523 -S.
You are further advised that the use of authority of office is
more than the mere mechanics of voting and encompasses all of the
tasks needed to perform the functions of a given position. See,
,7uliante, Order No. 809. Use of authority of office includes
discussing, conferring with others, lobbying for a particular
result and /or any other use of the authority of office in which the
result would be a private pecuniary benefit to a business with
which a public official or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
In applying the Ethics Law to this case, it is noted that the
Ethics Law, pursuant to Section 3(a), prohibits a public official
from using the authority of public office or confidential
information received by holding a public office for the private
pecuniary benefit of the public official, any member of his
immediate family, or any business with which the public official or
a member of his immediate family, or any business with which the
public official or a member of his immediate family is associated.
Here, there does not appear to be any real possibility of an
inherent conflict or a private pecuniary benefit inuring to Mr.
Kopko, a member of his immediate family or a business with which he
or a member of his immediate family is associated merely because he
is a Supervisor for a township that is within the School District.
Thus, he would not have a conflict of interest in connection with
purchasing the school property.
It is further noted that the school district and the township
Petit, John C., Esquire, 94 -532
March 25, 1994
Page 7
are separate governmental bodies. The term "governmental body with
which a public official or public employee is or has been
associated" is defined under the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, it
must be concluded that the governmental body with which Mr. Kopko
is associated is the Canton Township, not the Trinity Area School
District. This conclusion is based upon the language of the Ethics
Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this
Commission.
Since Canton Township is a separate and distinct governmental
body, not associated with or related to the Trinity Area School
District in any manner, for purposes of applying the Ethics Law to
this case, and since Mr. Kopko's governmental body is the township
and not the School District, the restrictions set forth above as to
Section 3(a), 3(f) and 3(j) of the Ethics Law would not apply if
Mr. Kopko would contract to purchase the school property. Under
the provisions of Section 3(a), 3(f) and 3(j) of the Ethics Law, as
a member of the Board of Supervisors for Canton Township, he would
not be precluded from purchasing property from the school district.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed
herein is the applicability of the Second Class Township Code.
Conclusion: As a Supervisor for Canton Township, Washington
County, Michael Kopko is a public official subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Law. Under the Ethics Law he would not be
precluded in his bidding to purchase property from the Trinity Area
School District subject to the qualifications noted above. Lastly,
the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under
the Ethics Law.
such.
foltre
Petit, John C., Esquire, 94 -532
March 25, 1994
Page 8
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within fifteen (15) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717- 787 - 0806).
Vincent. J. Dopko
Chief Counsel