HomeMy WebLinkAbout94-506 WhiteHarry Faber White, II,
Jorden and White
966 South Main Street
Meadville, PA 16335
Dear Mr. White:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 12, 1994
Esquire
Re: Simultaneous Service, Constable and Township Supervisor.
94-506
This responds to your letter of December 9, 1993, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law imposes
any prohibition or restrictions upon a township supervisor from
also serving as a constable.
Facts: As Solicitor for Venango Township, Erie County, you have
been asked by Richard Bessetti, a Supervisor -elect of Venango
Township, to obtain an opinion from the State Ethics Commission.
You state that Bessetti has served as a Constable, elected by
Venango Township, for almost eighteen years. His duties as a
Constable involve working with the court system in Erie County.
During the past eighteen years, Bessetti has not done any work for
Venango Township directly.
Bessetti ran for and was elected to the position of Supervisor
during in November, 1993. He is to take office on January 3, 1994.
A question has arisen as to whether he may simultaneously serve as
a Second Class Township Supervisor and a Constable.
You refer to Section 65410(B) of the Second Class Township
Code which states that "no supervisor shall at the same time hold
any other elective or appointive township office or position other
than township roadmaster or secretary /treasurer." You also state
that Section 65741 of the Second Class Township Code provides that
any proceedings for the violation of township ordinances and the
collection of fines and penalties imposed thereby be directed to
and served by a constable of the township.
Harry Faber White, II, Esquire
January 12, 1994
Page 2
You are aware that the State
taken the position that although
constable is a "state official"
official ".
Association of Constables has
elected by the township, a
as opposed to a "township
Additionally, you feel that Lower Saucon Township v. Rasich,
4 D. & C.3d 264, may be relevant. In that case, the Court held
that a councilman or supervisor could not be a police officer in a
second class township. Additionally, it is clear that township
supervisors cannot also be local civil defense directors. (1976
Opinion of the Attorney General, No. 19).
Finally, you state that an older section of the Constable Law
does provide that a constable "can arrest all persons for
disorderly conduct, breach of peace, or upon sight of the
commission of any unlawful act imperiling public safety, and for
all ordinance violations of townships ".
You state that both the Venango Township Board of Supervisors
and Bessetti realize that if Bessetti can simultaneously serve as
both Supervisor and Constable, that he would not be allowed to act
as Constable enforcing any Township ordinances while he was also a
Supervisor. Bessetti has made arrangements to secure the services
of another Constable to enforce any Township ordinances if the need
arises.
Based upon the above, you request an advisory as to whether
Bessetti may simultaneously serve as Constable and Township
Supervisor.
Discussion: As a Member of the Board of Supervisors for Venango
Township, Erie County, Richard Bessetti is a "public official" as
that term is defined in the Ethics Law and hence he is subject to
the provisions of the Ethics Law. 65 P.S. 5402; 51 Pa. Code S11.1.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined under the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
Harry Faber White, II, Esquire
January 12, 1994
Page 3
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
any thing of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept any thing of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgment of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
question of simultaneous service, there does not appear to be any
real possibility of a private pecuniary benefit or inherent
conflict arising if Bessetti were to serve both as a Township
Supervisor and as a Constable. Basically, the Ethics Law does not
state that it is inherently incompatible for a public
official /employee to serve or be employed as a Constable. The main
prohibition under the Ethics Law and Opinions of the Ethics
Commission is that one may not serve the interests of two persons,
groups, or entities whose interests may be inherently adverse.
Smith Opinion, 89 -010. In the situation outlined above, Bessetti
would not be serving entities with interests which are inherently
adverse to each other. See, Confidential Opinion, 92 -008
(Simultaneous service as borough council member and constable from
the same borough permitted under the Ethics Law).
Turning to the question of conflict of interest, pursuant to
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law, a public official /public employee
is prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment
Harry Faber White, II, Esquire
January 12, 1994
Page 4
or confidential information received by holding such a public
position for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official/
public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated. Should a situation arise where the use of authority of
public office /employment or confidential information received by
holding the above public positions could result in a prohibited
private pecuniary benefit, a conflict of interest would arise. In
each instance of a conflict of interest, Bessetti would be required
to fully abstain and to publicly announce and disclose the
abstention and the reasons for same in a written memorandum filed
with the appropriate person (supervisor or secretary who keeps the
minutes). If such a situation would arise, additional advice may
be sought from the Commission.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a Member of the Board of Supervisors for Venango
Township, Erie County, Richard Bessetti is a "public official"
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law. As a public official/
employee, he may, consistent with Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law,
simultaneously serve in the positions of Township Supervisor and
Constable, subject to the restrictions, conditions and
qualifications set forth above. Lastly, the propriety of the
proposed course of conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within fifteen (15) days of the date of this
Harry Faber White, II, Esquire
January 12, 1994
Page 5
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa.Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806).
cerely,
I �
Vincent J. opko
Chief Counsel