HomeMy WebLinkAbout93-624 FrankhouserSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 24, 1993
Robert M. Frankhouser, Jr., Esquire
Hartman Underhill & Brubaker
221 East Chestnut Street
Lancaster, PA 17602 -2782
Carlos Graupera, Executive Director
SACA Development Corporation
545 Pershing Avenue
Lancaster, PA 17602
93 -624
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Housing Inspector; City
of Lancaster.
Dear Messrs. Frankhouser and Graupera:
This responds to your letters of November 9, 1993 and November
15, 1993, in which you requested advice from the State Ethics
Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of a Housing Inspector
following termination of service with the City of Lancaster.
Facts: Both Mr. Graupera and Mr. Frankhouser wrote to the State
Ethics Commission requesting advice regarding the same issue,
therefore, this advisory responds to both inquiries. The Spanish
American Civic Association (SACA) and its wholly owned subsidiary,
SACA Development Corporation (SDC), are non - profit organizations
located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Mr. Graupera is the Executive
Director of SACA and SDC and Mr. Frankhouser represents the
organizations. SDC acquires vacant houses in Lancaster,
rehabilitates them and makes them available for low and moderate
income families to rent or buy. Money received from the sale of
houses is used to acquire and rehabilitate additional houses.
On August 16, 1993, SDC was awarded a housing and development
grant through the City of Lancaster. The City agreed to act as a
sponsor for the Department of Community Affairs Housing and
Development Grant. Mr. Graupera, as Executive Director of SDC, is
responsible for the contract supervision, implementation and
Robert M. Frankhouser, Jr., Esquire
Carlos Graupera, Executive Director
November 24, 1993
Page 2
administration for SDC. Mr. Frankhouser submitted a copy of the
contract with his correspondence and that document is incorporated
herein by reference.
Under the contract, SDC is required to hire a full -time
manager to coordinate and manage the project. This position of
Rehabilitation Specialist is a technical supervisory position
overseeing the housing rehabilitation process, not a position of
policy making or senior management. The Rehabilitation Specialist
would be preparing construction specifications for individual
rehabilitation projects, accepting and analyzing bids received from
private contractors for rehabilitation work and supervising
construction to insure compliance with applicable building codes
and contract specifications. He would not be responsible for any
direct contact with the City or any of its officials whose
responsibilities include enforcement of housing and building codes.
Nor would he be involved in the negotiation of public or private
funding, the acquisition or sale of property or the awarding of
contracts. The job description for Rehabilitation Specialist and
the organizational chart for SDC were submitted by Mr. Graupera and
are incorporated herein by reference.
SDC wishes to hire Mr. George F. Aragon (Aragon) as
Rehabilitation Specialist. Aragon is currently employed by the
City of Lancaster as a Housing Inspector and is a "public employee"
under the Ethics Law. As a Housing Inspector for the City of
Lancaster, Aragon is responsible for making periodic inspections
and providing technical assistance for SACA's rehabilitation
projects. He is not in a position to make decisions regarding
SACA's funding. Contracts are executed by the City Mayor and
ratified by City Council.
Based upon the above, you request an advisory from the State
Ethics Commission regarding the applicability of the Ethics Law to
the employment of Aragon.
Discussion: As a Housing Inspector for the City of Lancaster, Mr.
George F. Aragon is to be considered a "public employee" within the
definition of that term as set forth in the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65
P.S. 5402; 51 Pa. Code §11.1. This conclusion is based upon the
job description, which when reviewed on an objective basis,
indicates clearly that the power exists to take or recommend
official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to
contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or
monitoring grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other
activities where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on
the interests of another person.
Robert M. Frankhouser, Jr., Esquire
Carlos Graupera, Executive Director
November 24, 1993
Page 3
Consequently, upon termination of public service, Aragon would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which Aragon is associated while working with the City of Lancaster
must be identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions
associated with the concept and term of "representation" must be
reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which Aragon is
associated upon termination of public service would be the City of
Lancaster in its entirety. The above is based upon the language of
the Ethics Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of
House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of
this Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission
found that a former Division Director of the Department of Public
Welfare (DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division
as was contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding
the one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp,
Opinion 90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative
assistant to a state senator was not merely restricted to that
Robert M. Frankhouser, Jr., Esotuire'F
Carlos Graupera, Executive Director
November 24, 1993
Page 4
particular senator but to the entire Senate as his former
governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with the City of Lancaster, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would
apply and restrict representation of persons or new employers vis-
a-vis the City.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/
employee had influence or control but extended to the entire
governmental body with which the public official /employee was
associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the legislative
debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Lectislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. 51901, it is clear that the governmental body with which
Aragon is associated is the City of Lancaster.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Robert M. Frankhouser, Jr., Esquire
Carlos Graupera, Executive Director
November 24, 1993
Page 5
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
by or contain the name of the former public official/
employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shay, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, Aragon should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
Aragon may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the City of Lancaster. However, he may not be
identified on documents submitted to the City. Aragon may also
counsel any person regarding that person's appearance before the
City. Once again, however, the activity in this respect should not
Robert M. Frankhouser, Jr., Esquire
Carlos Graupera, Executive Director
November 24, 1993
Page 6
be revealed to the City. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law
would not prohibit or preclude the making of general informational
inquiries of the City to secure information which is available to
the general public. This must not be done in an effort to
indirectly influence the former governmental body or to otherwise
make known to that body the representation of, or work for the new
employer.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
In Confidential Opinion 93 -005, the Commission held that
Section 3(g) precludes a former public official /employee from
providing consulting services to his former governmental body for
a period of one year after termination of service in that the
prohibition against representing a person includes the former
public official /employee representing himself.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a Housing Inspector for the City of Lancaster, Mr.
George F. Aragon is to be considered a "public employee" as defined
in the Ethics Law. Upon termination of service with the City of
Lancaster, Aragon would become a "former public employee" subject
to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. The former governmental body is
the City of Lancaster, in its entirety. The restrictions as to
representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety of
the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Robert M. Frankhouser, Jr., Esquire
Carlos Graupera, Executive Director
November 24, 1993
Page 7
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
review this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be
issued. Any such appeal must be in writing and must be received at
the Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 513.2(h).
ncerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel