HomeMy WebLinkAbout93-590 SternDear Mr. Stern:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 2, 1993
Mr. Gary Stern 93 -590
R. D. #2
Brownstone Building
Martinsburg, PA 16662
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Member of School Board,
Private Employment or Business, Leasing Land from School
District.
This responds to your letter of July 21, 1993, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether a member of a school board is prohibited or
restricted by the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law from
working with, being employed by or associated with a
business /person in a private capacity in addition to public
service.
Facts: You are a candidate for the School Board of Spring Cove
School District. In the primary election, you received enough
votes on both the Republican and Democratic tickets such that you
will be elected to the Board in the general election in November,
1993.
You also own part of a business known as Bean Hill Associates.
This business recently purchased a building from the Spring Cove
School District. The building is on land which is still owned by
the School District. Bean Hill Associates leases that land from
the School District. The lease agreement is for a period of fifty
(50) years and the lease amount is one dollar ($1.00). Based upon
the above, you request advisory from the State Ethics Commission
regarding your ability to serve on the School Board in light of the
existing business arrangement.
Discussion: As a Member of the Spring Cove School District, you
will become a public official as that term is defined under the
Ethics Law, and hence you will be subject to the provisions of that
law.
August 2, 1993
Page 2
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
"Business." Any corporation,
partnership, sole proprietorship, firm,
enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual,
holding company, joint stock company,
receivership, trust or any legal entity
August 2, 1993
Page 3
organized for profit.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his
official duties would be required to vote on a
matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest, as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body
would be unable to take any action on a matter
before it because the number of members of the
body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority
or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained
from voting as a result of a conflict of
interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has or
will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete
response to the question presented.
August 2, 1993
Page 4
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
instant matter, we note that Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law does
not prohibit public officials /employees from outside business
activities or employment; however, the public official /employee may
not use the authority of office for the advancement of his own
private pecuniary benefit or that of a business with which he is
associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89 -011. A public official /employee
must exercise caution so that his private business activities do
not conflict with his public duties. Crisci, Opinion 89 -013.
Thus, a public official /employee could not perform private business
using governmental facilities or personnel. In particular, the
governmental telephones, postage, staff, equipment, research
materials, personnel or any other property could not be used as a
means, in whole or part, to carry out private business activities.
In addition, the public official /employee could not during
government working hours, solicit or promote such business
activity. Pancoe, supra. Similarly, Section 3(a) would expressly
prohibit the use of confidential information received by holding
public office/ employment for such a prohibited private pecuniary
benefit.
In the event that your private employer or business has a
matter pending before your governmental body or if you, as part of
such official duties must participate, review or pass upon that
matter, a conflict would exist. Miller, Opinion 89 -024. In those
instances, it will be necessary that you be removed from that
process.
In such cases as noted above, Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law
would require not only that you abstain from participation but also
file a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording
the minutes or your supervisor.
In summary, the Ethics Law would restrict the following:
1. The use of authority of office to obtain any business in
a private capacity;
2. utilization of confidential information gained through
public position;
3. participating in discussions, reviews, or recommendations
on matters which relate to the business /private employer which may
come before the governmental body and in such cases publicly
announcing the relationship or advising the supervisor as well as
filing a written memorandum as per the requirements of Section 3(j)
of the Ethics Law. Brooks, Opinion 89 -023.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
August 2, 1993
Page 5
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed
herein is the applicability of the Pennsylvania Public School Code.
Conclusion: As a Member of the Spring Cove School District, you
will become a public official subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Law. Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would not preclude you
from outside employment /business activity subject to the
restrictions and qualifications as noted above. In the event that
the employer /business has matters pending before your governmental
body, then you could not participate in that matter and the
disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law as
outlined above must be satisfied. Lastly, the propriety of the
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
review this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be
issued. Any such appeal must be in writing and must be received at
the Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 513.2(h).
cerely,
14,0k D
Vincent . Dopko
Chief Counsel