HomeMy WebLinkAbout93-566 FlackDear Mr. Flack:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 26, 1993
Michael W. Flack 93 -566
396 Timber Lane
Harrisburg, PA 17112
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Private Employment or
Business, Construction Services Engineer, Civil Engineer
Manager, PennDOT, Railroad Engineering Consultant.
This responds to your letter of May 14, 1993, in which you
requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether a Construction Services Engineer /Civil Engineer
Manager with the Commonwealth of .Pennsylvania, Department of
Transportation (PennDOT), Bureau of Construction and Materials,
Contract Management Division, is prohibited or restricted by the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law from working with, being
employed by or associated with a business in a private capacity in
addition to public service.
Facts: You currently serve as a Construction Services Engineer
with PennDOT, Bureau of Construction and Materials, Contract
Management Division. Ypur duties consist of various activities
relating to the administration of construction contracts as to the
Department's highway construction program. You have submitted a
copy of your job description and that document is incorporated
herein by reference.
A civil engineer manager has the following duties and
responsibilities: analyzing and evaluating Department, FHWA and
industry regulations relating to construction contract management;
developing procedures for construction contract management;
maintaining liaison with districts, bureau, Chief Counsel,
contractors and other states to ensure adherence to policy for
contract management; investigating and resolving contract
management problems; assigning work to subordinates and reviewing
work; overseeing coordination of training initiatives for bureau
and districts; assisting staff in monitoring contractor's
schedules; representing the Division Chief at meetings and
Michael W. Flack
May 26, 1993
Page 2
contractor hearings relative to contract management; performing
specific duties assigned by the Division Chief in his absence;
preparing agenda and arranging speakers for Department seminars and
interdepartmental meetings; reviewing and recommending approval of
construction work orders for federal aid construction projects; and
performing other duties required to accomplish Division goals.
You are also employed as a railroad engineering consultant
whereby you work for various privately owned railroads and
companies. In this capacity, you perform various engineering and
project management activities including estimating costs,
developing rehabilitation projects, and reviewing work for
compliance with railroad construction specifications. Some of your
private clients may receive grants and /or loans from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for building or rehabilitating
railroad facilities.
You state that in your current position at PennDOT, you do not
have any involvement with the review or approval of any
Commonwealth grants or loans nor do you have any involvement with
the review or approval of any work performed for your private
clients.
Based upon the above, you request an advisory from the State
Ethics Commission as to whether you may provide engineering
analysis and construction management services to private clients
while employed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Discussion: It is initially noted that your request for advice may
only-be addressed with regard to prospective conduct. A reading of
Sections 7(10) and 7(11) of the Ethics Law makes it clear that an
opinion or advice may be given only as to prospective (future)
conduct. If the activity in question has already occurred, the
Commission may not issue an opinion or advice but any person may
then submit a signed and sworn complaint which will be investigated
by the Commission if there are allegations of Ethics Law-violations
by a person who is subject to the Ethics Law.
As a Civil Engineer Manager for PennDOT, you are a public
employee as that term is defined under the Ethics Law, and hence
you are subject to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
Michael W. Flack
May 26, 1993
Page 3
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with.
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public .official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has or
will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete
response to the question presented.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
instant matter, we note that Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law does
not prohibit public officials /employees from outside business
activities or employment; however, the public official /employee may
Michael W. Flack
May 26, 1993
Page 4
not use the authority of office for the advancement of his own
private pecuniary benefit or that of a business with which he is
associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89 -011. A public official /employee
must exercise caution so that his private business activities do
not conflict with his public duties. Crisci, Opinion 89 -013.
Thus, a public official /employee could not perform private business
using governmental facilities or personnel. In particular, the
governmental telephones, postage, staff, equipment, research
materials, personnel or any other property could not be used as a
means, in whole or part, to carry out private business activities.
In addition, the public official /employee could not during
government working hours, solicit or promote such business
activity. Pancoe, supra. Similarly, Section 3(a) would expressly
prohibit the use of confidential information received by holding
public office/ employment for such a prohibited private pecuniary
benefit.
In the event that your private business has a matter pending
before your governmental body or if you as part of such official
duties must participate, review or pass upon that matter, a
conflict would exist. Miller, Opinion 89 -024. In those instances,
it will be necessary that you be removed from that process.
In such cases as noted above, Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law
would require not only that you abstain from participation but also
file a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording
the minutes or your supervisor.
In summary, the Ethics Law would restrict the following:
1. The use of authority of office to obtain any business in
a private capacity;
2. utilization of confidential information gained through
public position;
3. participating in discussions, reviews, or recommendations
on matters which relate to the business /private employer which may
come before the governmental body and in such cases publicly
announcing the relationship or advising the supervisor as well as
filing a written memorandum as per the requirements of Section 3(j)
of the Ethics Law. Brooks Opinion 89 -023.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed
herein is the applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Michael W. Flack
May 26, 1993
Page 5
Conclusion: As a Civil Engineer Manager for PennDOT, you are a
public employee subject to the provisions of the Ethics Law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would not preclude you from outside
employment /business activity subject to the restrictions and
qualifications as noted above. In the event that the employer/
business has matters pending before your governmental body, then
you could not participate in that matter and the disclosure
requirements of Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law as outlined above
must be satisfied. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct
has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
review this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be
issued. Any such appeal must be in writingrand must be received at
the Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code _513.2(h).
cerely,
Vincent . Dopko
Chief Counsel