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STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
FINANCE BUILDING
613 NORTH STREET, ROOM 309
HARRISBURG, PA 17120-0400
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 18, 2019
To the Requester:
Mr. William M. Halle
Dear Mr. Halle:
FACSIMILE: 717-787-0806
WEBSITE: www.ethics.pa.gov
19-552
This responds to your letter dated November 12, 2019, received November 18,
2019, by which you requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics
Commission ("Commission").
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics Act"), 65
Pa.-S. § 1101 et seq., would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon an individual
serving as: (1) a School Director for the Butler Area School District "School District");
((2) a Member of the Butler County Area Vocational Technical School ("Vocational
1 echnical School") Joint Operating Committee; and (3) a Member of the Board of
Midwestern Intermediate Unit IV ("Intermediate Unit IV"), who in a private capacity is the
founder and chief executive officer of a 501(c)(3) corporation that provides programs
which serve children from multiple school districts, with regard to: (a) the corporation
entering into cooperative programming agreements with the School District or other
school districts, the Vocational Technical School, or Intermediate Unit IV; or (b) the
corporation purchasing or accepting as a donation building(s) owned by the School
District or Intermediate Unit IV.
Facts: You request an advisory from the Commission based upon the following
suuUmitted facts.
Since December 2011, you have served as both a School Director for the School
District and a Member of the Vocational Technical School Joint Operating Committee.
Since July 2014, you have served as a Member of the Board of Intermediate Unit IV.
In a private capacity, you are the founder and Chief Executive Officer of a
501(c)(3) corporation named ' Grace Youth and Family Foundation" (the "Corporation").
The Corporation provides programs that serve children from multiple school districts.
The School District and Intermediate Unit IV each own buildings that might be
placed for public or private sale. The School District and Intermediate Unit IV might also
seek to donate their buildings to a public non-profit entity for the purpose of operating
programming that would directly benefit their students.
Based upon the above submitted facts, the following questions are presented by
your advisory request:
Halle, 19-552
e�cember 18, 2019
Page 2
(1) Whether the Ethics Act would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon you
with regard to the Corporation entering into cooperative programming
agreements with the School District or other school districts, the
Vocational Technical School, or Intermediate Unit IV; and
(2) Whether the Ethics Act would impose prohibitions or restrictions upon Cuith regard to the Corporation purchasing or accepting as a donation
building(s) owned by the School District or Intermediate Unit IV.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully discllosed all of the material facts.
In each of your capacities as a School Director for the School District, a Member
of the Vocational Technical School Joint Operating Committee, and a Member of the
Board of Intermediate Unit IV, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 11030) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. --No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
0) Voting conflict. --Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three -member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), 0).
Halle, 19-552
member 18, 2019
Page 3
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
fecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
amily or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self-employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Subject to the statutory exclusions to the Ethics Act's definition of the term
"conflict" or "conflict of interest," 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office/employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public officiallpublic employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any
use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others,
and lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the
statutory exceptions of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable.
Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have
to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act, pertaining to contracting, provides as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
Halle, 19-552
e�cember 18, 2019
Page 4
(f) Contract. --No public official or public employee or
his spouse or child or any business in which the person or
his spouse or child is associated shall enter into any contract
valued at $500 or more with the governmental body with
which the public official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with any person
who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body with which the public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been awarded through
an open and public process, including prior public notice and
subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and
contracts awarded. In such a case, the public official or
public employee shall not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility for the implementation or administration of the
contract. Any contract or subcontract made in violation of
this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent
jurisdiction if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(f).
The term "contract" is defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement for the
acquisition, use or disposal by the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision of consulting or other services or of
supplies, materials, equipment, land or other personal or real
property. The term shall not mean an agreement or
arrangement between the State or political subdivision as
one party and a public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense, reimbursement, salary,
wage, retirement or other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment with the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102
Section 1103(f) does not operate to make contracting with the governmental
body permissible where it is otherwise prohibited. Rather, where a public official/public
employee, his spouse or child, or a business with which he, his spouse or child is
associated, is otherwise appropriately contracting with the governmental body, or
subcontracting with any person who has been awarded a contract with the
governmental body, in an amount of $500.00 or more, Section 1103(f) requires that an
open and public process" be observed as to the contract with the governmental body.
Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act also provides that the public official/public employee
may not have any supervisory, or overall responsibility as to the implementation or
administration of the contract with the governmental body.
In ap lying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are
advised as follows.
The Corporation is a business with which you are associated in your private
capacity. As long as the restrictions and requirements of the Ethics Act would be
observed, the Ethics Act would not rohibit the Corporation from: (1) entering into
cooperative programming agreement(s� with the School District or other school districts,
the Vocational Technical School, or Intermediate Unit IV, or (2) purchasing or acceptingg
as a donation building(s) owned by the School District or Intermediate Unit IV.
Halle 19-552
member 18, 2019
Page 5
However, in each of your public positions as a School Director for the School District, a
Member of the Vocational Technical School Joint Operating Committee, and a Member
of the Board of Intermediate Unit IV, you generally would have a conflict of interest
under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matter(s) pertaining to cooperative
programming agreement(s) with the Corporation or the sale or donation of building(s) to
the Corporation.
You would also be prohibited from using the authority of any of your three
aforesaid public positions, or confidential information accessed or received as a result of
being in any of your public positions, to effectuate a private pecuniary benefit to the
Corporation through a detriment to a competitor of the Corporation, such as in matter(s)
involving cooperative programming agreement(s) or the salpe or donation of building(s).
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain from
participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory exceptions of
Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event
of a voting conflict.
The restrictions and requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would have
to be observed as to any contract(s) between the Corporation and: (1) the School
District; (2 the Vocational Technical School; or (3) Intermediate Unit IV, that would be
valued at �500 or more. (See, Kistler v. State Ethics Commission, 610 Pa. 516, 22 A.3d
223 (2011), regarding the requirements for an open and public process.")
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the Public School Code, and in particular, Section 3-324 of the Public School Code, 24
P.S. § 3-324.
Conclusion: Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) since December 2011, you
have served as both a School Director for the Butler Area School District ("School
District") and a Member of the Butler County Area Vocational Technical School
("Vocational Technical School") Joint Operating Committee; (2) since July 2014, you
have served as a Member of the Board of Midwestern Intermediate Unit IV
Intermediate Unit IV"); (3� in a private capacity, you are the founder and Chief
xecutive Officer of a 55 1(c)(3 corporation named "Grace Youth and Family
Foundation" (the "Corporation"); �4) the Corporation provides programs that serve
children from multiple school districts; (5) the School District and Intermediate Unit IV
each own buildings that might be placed for public or private sale; and (6) the School
District and Intermediate Unit IV might also seek to donate their buildings to a public
non-profit entity for the purpose of operating programming that would directly benefit
their students, you are advised as follows.
In each of your capacities as a School Director for the School District, a Member
of the Vocational Technical School Joint Operating Committee, and a Member of the
Board of Intermediate Unit IV, you are a public official subject to the provisions of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ("Ethics Act"), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The Corporation is a business with which you are associated in your private
capacity. As long as the restrictions and requirements of the Ethics Act would be
observed, the Ethics Act would not prohibit the Corporation from: (1) entering into
cooperative programming agreement(s) with the School District or other school districts,
the Vocational Technical School, or Intermediate Unit IV; or (2) purchasing or accepting
as a donation building(s) owned by the School District or Intermediate Unit IV.
However, in each of your public positions as a School Director for the School District, a
Member of the Vocational Technical School Joint Operating Committee, and a Member
Halle, 19-552
member 18, 2019
Page 6
of the Board of Intermediate Unit IV, you generally would have a conflict of interest
under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matter(s) pertaining to cooperative
programming agreement(s) with the Corporation or the sale or donation of building(s) to
the Corporation.
You would also be prohibited from using the authority of any of your three
aforesaid public positions, or confidential information accessed or received as a result of
being in any of your public positions, to effectuate a private pecuniary benefit to the
Corporation through a detriment to a competitor of the Corporation, such as in matter(s)
involving cooperative programming agreement(s) or the sale or donation of building(s).
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain from
participation, which would include voting unless one of the statutory exceptions of
Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would be applicable. Additionally, the disclosure
requirements of Section 11030) of the Ethics Act would have to be satisfied in the event
of a voting conflict.
The restrictions and requirements of Section 1103(f) of the Ethics Act would have
to be observed as to any contract(s) between the Corporation and: (1 the School
District;A500
the Vocational Technical School; or (3) Intermediate Unit IV, tat would be
valued or more.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the Public School
Code, and in particular, Section 3-324 of the Public School Code, 24 P.S. § 3-324.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if ,you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writingg and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty(30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § f3.2(h). The , appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand. delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to
Me such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
VV M - lr/�' -
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel