HomeMy WebLinkAbout93-517 ConfidentialSTATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
February 23, 1993
93 -517
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Borough Council Member,
Use of Authority of Office or Confidential Information,
Voting, Business with which Associated.
This responds to your letters of January 13, 1993, and January
20, 1993, in which you requested confidential advice from the State
Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a borough council
member where a business with which he is associated consummates
investment trades for the borough's police pension fund and fire
department pension fund.
Facts: You state that since 1986 you have been involved with
managing investments for the Police Pension Fund in City A,
Pennsylvania. Subsequent to that date, you also have started
managing the investments for the City A Fire Department Pension
Fund.
In December of 1991, you were approached regarding your
willingness to accept an appointment to City Council for City A.
This appointment was to fill the final two years of a four -year
term of a Council Member who had resigned. Prior to accepting the
appointment, you requested a letter from the Solicitor as to
whether a conflict of interest existed that would prevent you from
serving on Council while continuing to execute trades and to give
investment advice to the Police and Fire Department Pension Plans.
The Solicitor responded that there would be no conflict of interest
between your work with the pension funds and your appointment to
Council as long as you refrained from any and all votes relative to
the pension funds and you did not accept an appointment to the
pension boards which govern those funds.
You state your belief that a conversation with Commission
staff on December 23, 1992, indicated basic agreement with the
Solicitor. You state that according to your notes, the following
conditions must exist for there to be a conflict of interests: You
must use your authority as a Member of Council either to introduce
Confidential Advice No. 93 -517
February 23, 1993
Page 2
a motion, second a motion or vote on a motion in which you or a
member of your immediate family is in a position to benefit in a
pecuniary manner.
You state that as you attempt to complete your final year as
a Council Member, you would like to avoid any possible conflict as
well as be in a position to answer the inevitable questions that
come up as to whether you have a conflict resulting from your work
as a Council Member and your work with the pension funds.
In a telephone conversation with Assistant Counsel for this
Commission on February 22, 1993, you provided the following
additional facts and clarifications. You are a managing partner
with a one third ownership interest in Company B, which offers
securities through Corporation C. Company B is a local company
which you liken to a stockbroker. With regard to the police
pension fund and fire department pension fund in question,
responsibility for the custody of the funds and services such as
paying retirees rests with a local bank. Investment decisions are
made by a third party, but the trades are consummated through
Company B which acts as the stockbroker. For its services, Company
B receives a commission. Commissions received by the firm from
these transactions, as well as others, go toward paying your
salary. However, your salary would be the same regardless of
whether these particular transactions occurred, and it would be
unaffected were trades for these pension funds consummated
elsewhere.
Based upon the above, you seek an advisory from this
Commission to outline whatever steps you need to take to avoid a
conflict of interest in this area.
Discussion: It is initially noted that to the extent your letter
of inquiry indicates your receipt of telephonic advice, your letter
of inquiry is erroneous. Although Commission staff provide a
public service by informing callers of various provisions of law,
advisories are not issued by telephone. Your inquiry will now be
addressed.
As a Member of City Council for City A, you are a public
official as that term is defined under the Ethics Law, and hence
you are subject to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
Confidential Advice No. 93 -517
February 23, 1993
Page 3
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Def }nitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of the
authority of his office or employment or any
confidential information received through his
holding public office or employment for the
private pecuniary benefit of himself, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated. "Conflict" or "conflict of
interest" does not include an action having a
de minimis economic impact or which affects to
the same degree a class consisting of the
general public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The
actual power provided by law, the exercise of
which is necessary to the performance of
duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public
employment.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
"Financial interest." Any financial
interest in a legal entity engaged in business
for profit which comprises more than 5% of the
equity of the business or more than 5% of the
assets of the economic interest in
indebtedness.
"Contract." An agreement or arrangement
for the acquisition, use or disposal by the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision of
consulting or other services or of supplies,
materials, equipment, land or other personal
or real property. "Contract" shall not mean
an agreement or arrangement between the State
or political subdivision as one party and a
Confidential Advice No. 93 -517
February 23, 1993
Page 4
public official or public employee as the
other party, concerning his expense,
reimbursement, salary, wage, retirement or
other benefit, tenure or other matters in
consideration of his current public employment
with the Commonwealth or a political
subdivision.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
anything of monetary value and no public official /employee shall
solicit or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference is
made to these provisions of the law not to imply 'that there has
been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted activities
(f) No public official or public
employee or his spouse or child or any
business in which the person or his spouse or
child is associated shall enter into any
contract valued at $500 or more with the
governmental body with which the public
official or public employee is associated or
any subcontract valued at $500 or more with
any person who has been awarded a contract
with the governmental body with which the
public official or public employee is
associated, unless the contract has been
awarded through an open and public process,
including prior public notice and subsequent
public disclosure of all proposals considered
and contracts awarded. In such a case, the
public official or public employee shall not
have any supervisory or overall responsibility
for the implementation or administration of
the contract. Any contract or subcontract
made in violation of this subsection shall be
voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction
if the suit is commenced within 90 days of the
making of the contract or subcontract.
Parenthetically, where contracting is otherwise allowed or
where there appears to be no expressed prohibitions to such
contracting, the above particular provision of law would require
that an open and public process must be used in all situations
Confidential Advice No. 93 -517
February 23, 1993
Page 5
where a public official /employee is otherwise appropriately
contracting with his own governmental body, or subcontracting with
any person who has been awarded a contract with the governmental
body, in an amount of $500.00 or more. This .open and public
process would require that the following be observed as to the
contract with the governmental body:
(1) prior public notice of the employment or contracting
possibility;
(2) sufficient time for a reasonable and prudent competitor/
applicant to be able to prepare and present an
application or proposal;
(3) public disclosure of all applications. or proposals
considered and;
(4) public disclosure of the contract awarded and offered and
accepted.
Section 3(f) of the Ethics Law also requires that the public
official /employee may not have any supervisory or overall
responsibility as to the implementation or administration of the
contract with the governmental body.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee, who in the discharge of his
official duties, would be required to vote on
a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce and
disclose the nature of his interest as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing body
would be unable to take any action on a matter
before it because the number of members of the
body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority
or other legally required vote of approval
unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
Confidential Advice No. 93 -517
February 23, 1993
Page 6
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a
three - member governing body of a political
subdivision, where one member has abstained
from voting as a result of a conflict of
interest, and the remaining two members of the
governing body have cast opposing votes, the
member who has abstained shall be permitted to
vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the
abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes or supervisor.
In applying• the above provisions of the Ethics Law to the
circumstances which you have submitted, pursuant to Section 3(a) of
the Ethics Law, a public official /public employee is prohibited
from using the authority of public office /employment or
confidential information received by holding such a public position
for the private pecuniary benefit of the public official /public
employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
Company B is a business with which you are associated.
Thus, conflicts of interests would arise for you not only
where the use of authority of office or confidential information
would result in a private pecuniary benefit to you personally, or
to a member of your immediate family, but also where a private
pecuniary benefit would result to Company B.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be
required to abstain from participation, as well as to fully satisfy
the disclosure requirements of Section 3(j) as set forth above.
You are further advised that the use of authority of office is
more than the mere mechanics of voting, and encompa§ses all of the
tasks needed to perform the functions of a given position. See,
Juliante, Order No. 809.
In this case, it is noted that in your telephone conversation
with Assistant Counsel, you have characterized Company B's role as
carrying out the instructions of a third party which makes the
investment decisions. Thus, under the facts which you have
submitted, it is not clear what decisions City Council would be
making which would create a potential conflict of interest for you.
In that you have submitted a general inquiry without any specific
factual scenario at issue, the response of this advisory must be
limited to the general advice set forth herein. This advisory
shall not attempt to speculate as to what particular factual
Confidential Advice No. 93 -517
February 23, 1993
Page 7
situations may arise for you. However, in the event that you are
confronted with a specific factual scenario which requires further
clarification, you may seek further advice from the State Ethics
Commission.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed
under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other statute, code,
ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other than the
Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not addressed
herein is the applicability of the respective municipal code.
Conclusion: As a Member of City Council for City A, Pennsylvania,
you are a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics
Law. Company B is a business with which you are associated as
defined in the Ethics Law. Pursuant to Section 3(a) of the Ethics
Law, you may not use the authority of office or confidential
information received by holding your public position for the
private pecuniary benefit of yourself, a member of your immediate
family, or a business with which you are associated. In each
instance of a conflict of interest, you must abstain from
participation and fully satisfy the disclosure requirements of
Section 3(j) as set forth above. Lastly, the propriety of the
proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
review this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be
issued. Any such appeal must be in writing and must be received at
the Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code §2.12.
Sincerely,
� Q
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel
rt. M. L.