HomeMy WebLinkAbout93-508 DeVoreMr. James R. DeVore
513 Penn Ayr Road
Camp Hill, PA 17011
Dear Mr. DeVore:
•
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 15, 1993
93 -508
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Pennsylvania State
Police; State Police Trooper; Fire Marshal Division.
This responds to your letter of December 11, 1992, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of a State Police Trooper
assigned to the Fire Marshal Division to review applications and
drawings for the installation of underground and aboveground
storage tanks, following termination of service with the
Pennsylvania State Police.
Facts: You state that on the advice of a staff attorney, you seek
an advisory from the State Ethics Commission as to the following.
You are currently a Trooper with the Pennsylvania State
Police, assigned to the Fire Marshal Division at Departmental
Headquarters in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Your main function in
the Division was reviewing applications and drawings for the
installation of both underground and aboveground storage tanks with
respect to the Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (Title 37).
These duties entail both approval and rejection of the applications
as a regulator.
As of June 10, 1992, you have been on sick leave and have been
reassigned to the State Police Academy in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
You will be retiring from the Pennsylvania State Police effective
midnight January 1, 1993.
You are anticipating starting your own consulting business
dealing with fire investigations and tank installations regarding
the Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. This work may include
prereviewing applications for installations prior to submission to
Mr. James R. DeVore
January 15, 1993
Page 2
the Fire Marshal Division and Department of Environmental Resources
for completeness; working with installers as a consultant;
obtaining certification from the Department of Environmental
Resources as a certified tank inspector under Act 32; and /or
employment with an installer, inspection company or with Tank
Installers of Pennsylvania assisting the Executive Director.
You ask whether it would be legal to be employed in the tank
industry, gas /oil industry, either as an employee, a consultant or
a certified inspector.
A copy of your job classification specification has been
obtained from the Pennsylvania State Police, which document is
incorporated herein by reference.
Discussion: As a State Police Trooper for the Pennsylvania State
Police assigned to the Fire Marshal Division, you are to be
considered a "public employee" within the definition of that term
as set forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law and the
Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. S402; 51 Pa. Code X1.1.
This conclusion is based upon the submitted facts which state that
your main function is reviewing applications and drawings for the
installation of both underground and aboveground storage tanks with
respect to the Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (Title 37),
and that your duties entail both approval and rejection of the
applications as a regulator. Reviewed on an objective basis, the
facts indicate clearly that the power exists to take or recommend
official action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to
contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or
monitoring grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other
activities where the economic impact is greater than de minimis on
the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you have been associated while working with the Pennsylvania
State Police must be identified. Then, the scope of the
Mr. James R. DeVore
January 15, 1993
Page 3
prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you have been
associated upon termination of public service would be the
Pennsylvania State Police in its entirety, including but not
limited to the Fire Marshal Division. The above is based upon the
language of the Ethics Law, the legislative intent (Legislative
Journal of House, 1989 Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior
precedent of this Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006,
the Commission found that a former Division Director of the
Department of Public Welfare (DPW) was not merely restricted to the
particular Division as was contended but was in fact restricted to
all of DPW regarding the one year representation restriction.
Similarly in Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R, it was determined that a
former legislative assistant to a state senator was not merely
restricted to that particular senator but to the entire Senate as
his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with the Pennsylvania State Police, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law
would apply and restrict representation of persons or new employers
vis -a -vis the Pennsylvania State Police.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public official/
employee had influence or control but extended to the entire
governmental body with which the public official /employee was
associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the legislative
debate relative to the amendatory language for the above term:
Mr. James R. DeVore
January 15, 1993
Page 4
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. §1901, it is clear that the governmental body with which you
have been associated is the Pennsylvania State Police in its
entirety.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law-does not affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
Mr. James R. DeVore
January 15, 1993
Page 5
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
by or contain the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in relation
to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shay, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented
to the Pennsylvania State Police. However, you may not be
identified on documents submitted to the Pennsylvania State Police.
You may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance
before the Pennsylvania State Police. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to the Pennsylvania
State Police. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not
prohibit or preclude the making of general informational inquiries
of the Pennsylvania State Police to secure information which is
available to the general public. This must not be done in an
effort to indirectly influence the former governmental body or to
otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work
for the new employer.
Mr. James R. DeVore
January 15, 1993
Page 6
Thus, although the Ethics Law would not per se prohibit your
employment in the tank industry, gas /oil industry, either as an
employee, consultant or certified inspector, your conduct must
comply with the above restrictions during the one -year period of
applicability of Section 3(g).
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not
addressed herein is the applicability of the Governor's Code of
Conduct.
Conclusion: As a State Police Trooper for the Pennsylvania State
Police assigned to the Fire Marshal Division, you are to be
considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics Law. Upon
termination of service with the Pennsylvania State Police, you
would become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law. The former governmental body would be the
Pennsylvania State Police in its entirety. The restrictions as to
representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety of
the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
Mr. James R. DeVore
January 15, 1993
Page 7
review this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be
issued. Any such appeal must be in writing and must be received at
the Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code S2.12.
cerely,
trtsJ0
Ocrib
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel