HomeMy WebLinkAbout92-659Mr. Charles F. Nahill, Jr.
352 Rices Mill Road
Wyncoate, PA 19095
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
December 29, 1992
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
92 -659
Re: Former Public Official; Section 3(g); House of Representa-
tives; Representative.
Dear Mr. Nahill:
This responds to your letter of November 20, 1992, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of a State Representative
following termination of service with the House of Representatives.
Facts: As a Member of the House of Representatives, you request an
advisory from the State Ethics Commission as to what action you may
pursue after leaving the House of Representatives on November 30,
1992. You state that you are currently soliciting clients with
plans of doing governmental relations work for them, which would
include lobbying. You ask what restrictions would be placed upon
you.
Discussion: As a Member of the House of Representatives, you would
be considered a "public official" within the definition of that
term as set forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
and the Regulations of the Commission. 65 P.S. §402; 51 Pa. Code
§1.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would
become a "former public official" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Mr. Charles F. Nahill, Jr.
December 29, 1992
Page 2
promised or actual compensation, on any matter
before the governmental body with which he has
been associated for one year after he leaves
that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you have been associated while serving as a Member of the
House of Representatives must be identified. Then, the scope of
the prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation" must be reviewed.
The Commission has previously determined that the
"governmental body" with which a member of the. House of
Representatives has been associated upon leaving the House of
Representatives includes the House itself, any entity on which the
member served as ex officio member and any entity on which the
member served by virtue of legislative appointment. See, Seltzer,
80 -004; Goebel, 80 -045; Geesev,, 80 -046; and Geesev,, 80 -057. See
also, Barber, Advice No. 86 -635.
Under Act 9 of 1989, the term "governmental body with which a
public official or public employee is or has been associated" is
defined as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is or
has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices within
that governmental body.
In applying the above to the instant matter, we must conclude
that the governmental body with which you have been associated upon
termination of public service would be the House of Representatives
in its entirety, any entity on which you served as ex officio
member, and any entity on which you served by virtue of legislative
appointment. The above is based upon the language of the Ethics
Law, the legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this
Commission. Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found
that a former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant to
Mr. Charles F. Nahill, Jr.
December 29, 1992
Page 3
a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of service
with the House of Representatives, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law
would apply and restrict representation of persons or new employers
vis -a -vis the House of Representatives in its entirety, any entity
on which you served as ex officio member, and any entity on which
you served by virtue of legislative appointment.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was the
specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above term so
that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control but extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term:
We sought to make particularly clear that
when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are dealing
not only with a particular subdivision of an
agency or a local government but the entire
unit..." Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to ascertain
and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under 1 Pa.
C.S.A. §1901, it is clear that the governmental body with which you
have been associated is the House of Representatives in its
entirety, any entity on which you served as ex officio member, and
any entity on which you served by virtue of legislative
appointment.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear before
agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on the
type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however, that
the conflicts of interest law is primarily-concerned with financial
conflicts and violations of the public trust. The intent of the
law generally is that during the term of a person's public
employment he must act consistently with the public trust and upon
departure from the public sector, that individual should not be
allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
Mr. Charles F. Nahill, Jr.
December 29, 1992
Page 4
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals which
are signed by or contain the name of a former
public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under the
Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association,
firm, partnership, committee, club or other
organization or group of persons.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental body
or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed
by or contain the name of the former public official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in relation
to legislation, regulations, etc.
Thus, with regard to your specific proposed conduct of
lobbying, such conduct would clearly be prohibited "representation"
if before your governmental body, during the one -year period of
applicability of Section 3(g).
Mr. Charles F. Nahill, Jr.
December 29, 1992
Page 5
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shay, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by his
new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to termination
of public service. Therefore, within the first year after
termination of service, you should not engage in the type of
activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents presented
to your former governmental body. However, you may not be
identified on documents submitted to your former governmental body.
You may also counsel any person regarding that person's appearance
before your former governmental body. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to your former
governmental body. Of course, any ban under the Ethics Law would
not prohibit or preclude the making of general informational
inquiries of your former governmental body to secure information
which is available to the general public. This must not be done in
an effort to indirectly influence the former governmental body or
to otherwise make known to that body the representation of, or work
for the new employer.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law provide
in part that no person shall offer to a public official /employee
and no public official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of
monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct other
than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically not
addressed herein is the applicability of the Legislative Code of
Conduct.
Conclusion: As a Member of the House of Representatives, you would
be considered a "public official" as defined in the Ethics Law.
rr_
Mr. Charles F. Nahill, Jr.
December 29, 1992
Page 6
Representatives, any entity on which you served as ex officio
member, and any entity on which you served by virtue of legislative
appointment. The restrictions as to representation outlined above
must be followed. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only
been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above, the
Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial Interests be
filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance
on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full Commission
review this Advice. A personal appearance before the Commission
will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the Commission will be
issued. Any such appeal must be in writing and must be received at
the Commission within 15 days of the date of this Advice pursuant
to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
ncerely,
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel