HomeMy WebLinkAbout92-524Mr. David D. Ulsh
506 Nauvoo Road
Lewisberry, PA 17339
Dear Mr. Ulsh:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
February 6, 1992
92 -524
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Section 3(i); Director
of the Division of Inpatient Programs; Bureau of
Hospital and Outpatient Programs; Office of Medical
Assistance Programs; Department of Public Welfare
This responds to your letter of December 16, 1991, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of the Director of the
Division of Inpatient Programs following termination of service
with the Department of Public Welfare.
Facts: As the former Director of the Division of Inpatient
Programs in the Office of Medical Assistance Programs of the
Department of Public Welfare (DPW), you seek the advice of the
State Ethics Commission regarding your$; employment following
termination of service with DPW. You note that on December 2,
1991 you ended your employment with DPW. In your former capacity
as the Director of the Division of Inpatient Programs, you were
responsible for rate setting and policy development for the
Medical Assistance Inpatient Program. You have submitted a copy
of your job description and an organizational chart from 1989,
which you indicate has changed only slightly since that time, all
of which documents are incorporated herein by reference.
On December 3, 1991, you became an employee of S. R. Wojdak
& Associates, acting as an account manager and consultant. You
advise that if not restricted by the Ethics Law, this position
could involve contact with DPW.
Mr. David D. Ulsh
February 6, 1992
Page 2
You specifically inquire as to what contact you would be
permitted to have with DPW in relation to meetings, phone calls,
written correspondence and the like.
Discussion: As the Director of the Division of Inpatient
Programs in DPW's Office of Medical Assistance Programs, you
would be considered a "public employee" within the definition of
that term as set forth in the Public Official and Employee Ethics
Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S. Section 402;
51 Pa. Code Section 1.1. This conclusion is based upon the job
description, which when reviewed on an objective basis, indicates
clearly that the power exists to take or recommend official
action of a non - ministerial nature with respect to contracting,
procurement, planning, inspecting, administering or monitoring
grants, leasing, regulating, auditing or other activities where
the economic impact is greater than de minimus on the interests
of another person.
In addition, you are an executive -level state employee as
that term is defined under the Ethics Law, and hence you are
subject to the requirements of Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law,
infra.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as
follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of
the authority of his office or employment or
any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for
the private pecuniary benefit of himself, a
member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an
action having a de minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a
Mr. David D. Ulsh
February 6, 1992
Page 3
subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the
public official or public employee, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual power provided by law, the
exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities
unique to a particular public office or
position of public employment.
"Executive -level State employee." The
Governor, Lieutenant Governor, cabinet
members, deputy secretaries, the Governor's
office staff, any State employee with
discretionary powers which may affect the
outcome of a State agency's decision in
relation to a private corporatim or business
or any employee who by virtue of his job
function could influence the outcome of such
a decision.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary
value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has been or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities
(i) No former executive -level State
employee may for a period of two years from
the time that he terminates his State
employment be employed by, receive
compensation from, assist or act in a
representative capacity for a business or
Mr. David D. Ulsh
February 6, 1992
Page 4
corporation that he actively participates in
recruiting to the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania or that he actively participated
in inducing to open a new plant, facility or
branch in the Commonwealth or that he
actively participated in inducing to expand
an existent plant or facility within the
Commonwealth, provided that the above
prohibition shall be invoked only when the
recruitment or inducement is accomplished by
a grant or loan of money or a promise of a
grant or loan of money from the Commonwealth
to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand.
Under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law quoted above, a public
official /employee may not use the authority of public
office /employment or confidential information received by holding
such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit of
himself, a member of his immediate family, or business with which
he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
As quoted above, Section 3(i) sets forth a specific
prohibition that a former executive -level state employee for a
period of two years after termination of state employment may not
be employed or receive any compensation or act in a
representative capacity for a business or corporation that the
former executive -level state employee participated in recruiting
or inducing. It should be further noted that the above
restriction specifically applies to the situation where the
recruitment or inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of
money or a promise of _a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the business or corporation
recruited or induced to expand. The intendment of the above
provision of the Ethics Law is to prohibit an executive -level
state employee from obtaining employment or acting as a
representative for various businesses or corporations that were
recruited or induced to expand. Thus, Section 3(i) of the Ethics
Law would restrict employment for a two year period as to any
business or corporation if the recruitment or inducement was
accomplished by a grant or loan of money or promise of a grant or
loan of money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the
business or corporation which was recruited or . induced to expand.
Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law would not preclude employment or
representation of clients unless the above qualifying condition
of Section 3(i) is applicable.
In applying Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law to the proffered
facts, Section 3(a) would prohibit you from using the position or
Mr. David D. Ulsh
February 6, 1992
Page 5
emoluments of your public position or confidential information to
advance an opportunity of private employment with S.R. Wojdak &
Associates. Once again, it is not suggested that you have
engaged in such conduct and the foregoing is provided to give a
complete response to your inquiry.
As to Section 3(i) of the Ethics Law, you are subject to
that provision of law since you are an executive -level state
employee. However, Section 3(i) would notJ4restrict you from the
position of employment with S.R. Wojdak & Associates provided you
did not actively participate in recruiting or inducing S.R.
Wojdak & Associates to open a new facility or branch in the
Commonwealth or participate in inducing S.R. Wojdak and
Associates to expand an existing plant or facility that was
accomplished by a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant
or loan of money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to S.R.
Wojdak & Associates.
The facts do not indicate whether you actively participated
in either recruiting or inducing S.R. Wojdak & Associates to
open a new facility or branch or expand through a grant or loan
of money from the Commonwealth. Accordingly, and based upon the
assumption that there has been no active participation by you in
such recruitment or inducement of S.R. Woi4ak & Associates to
open or expand a facility or branch through a grant or loan of
money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, you would not be prohibited from
accepting the position of employment with S.R. Wojdak &
Associates.
Upon termination of public service, you would become a
"former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Public
Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the Ethics Act
provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any
matter before the governmental body with
which he has been associated for one year
after he leaves that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you have been associated while working with DPW must be
identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated with
the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed.
Mr. David D. Ulsh
February 6, 1992
Page 6
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or 4mployee is
or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you have been
associated upon termination of public service would be DPW in its
entirety, including but not limited to the Division of Inpatient
Programs and the Office of Medical Assistance Programs. The
above is . based upon the language of the Ethics Law, the
legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this Commission.
Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a
former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant
to a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of
service with DPW, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and
restrict representation of persons or new employers vis -a -vis
DPW.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body. ith which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was
the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control but extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term:
Mr. David D. Dlsh
February 6, 1992
Page 7
We sought to make particularly clear
that when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are
dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local
government but the entire unit..."
Lecrislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to
ascertain and effectuate the intent of the Assembly under
1 Pa. C.S.A. 1901, it is clear that the governmental body with
which you have been associated is DPW in its entirety, including
but not limited to the Division of Inpatient Programs and the
Office of Medical Assistance Programs.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however,
that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with
financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The
intent of the law generally is that during the term of a person's
public employment he must act consistentlyjwith the public trust
and upon departure from the public sector,,that individual should
not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the folloTling:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract poposals
which are signed by or contain the name of a
former public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under
the Ethics Law:
Mr. David D. Ulsh
February 6, 1992
Page 8
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental
body, individual, corporation, union,
association, firm, partnership committee,
club or other organization or group of
persons.
The Commission, in Polovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the f ormer governmental
body or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are
signed or contain the name of the former public official/
public employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.,
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shay, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by
his new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to
termination of public service. Therefore, within the first year
after termination of service, you should not engage in the type
of activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to DPW so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before DPW. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to DPW. Of
course, any ban under the Ethics Law would not prohibit or
preclude the making of general informational inquiries of DPW to
Mr. David D. Dish
February 6, 1992
Page 9
secure information which is available to the general public.
This must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body
the representation of, or work for the new employer.
Thus, in response to your specific question as to what
contact you would be permitted to have with DPW in relation to
meetings, phone calls, written correspondence, and the like, the
answer is that you would not be permitted to have any such
contact where you would be representing your new employer or any
other "person" as that term is defined in the Ethics Law, with
promised or actual compensation.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer'to a public
official /employee and no public official /employee shall solicit
or accept any thing of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference
is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there
has or will be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a
complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically
not addressed herein is the applicability of the Governor's Code
of Conduct.
Conclusion: As the Director of the Division of Inpatient
Programs in the Department of Public Welfare's (DPW's) Office of
Medical Assistance Programs, you would be considered a "public
employee" and an executive -level state employee subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Law. Under Section 3(i) of Ethics Law,
you would not be prohibited from accepting a position of
employment with S.R. Wojdak & Associates based upon the
assumption that you did not actively participate in inducing or
recruiting said company to open or expand a facility or branch
through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan
of money from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Upon termination
of service with DPW, you would become a "former public employee"
subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law.l The former
governmental body is DPW in its entirety, Including but not
limited to the Division of Inpatient Programs and the Office of
Medical Assistance Programs. The restrictions as to
representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety
Mr. David D. Ulsh
February 6, 1992
Page 10
of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above,
the Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial
Interests be filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
cerely,
v v- t A JY
Vincent ' J4-'Dopko
Chief Counsel