HomeMy WebLinkAbout92-517Mr. David G. Bogert
Department of Transportation
Dist. 3 -0, Box 218
Montoursville, PA 17754
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 23, 1992
92 -517
Re: Former Public Employee; Section 3(g); Municipal Services
Specialist; PennDOT.
Dear Mr. Bogert:
This responds to your letter of December 10, 1991, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any restrictions upon employment of a Municipal Services
Specialist following termination of service with the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation.
Facts: As a Municipal Services Specialist with the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation ( PennDOT), you
seek an advisory from the State Ethics Commission as to whether
the Ethics Law presents any restrictions upon your employment
following your termination of service with PennDOT as of
December 20, 1991. You note that it is your understanding that
the Ethics Law would restrict certain activities for one year
following termination. You state that it is also your
understanding that these restrictions do not apply to future
employment with a local government or private contractor provided
the employment does not involve contracts with the State. You
seek confirmation of the above understanding. Furthermore, you
raise specific inquiries which are somewhat unclear. It appears
that you seek advice involving your prospective employment by
Hunt Engineers, a local consultant firm, as a construction
inspector and the extent to which you could become involved in a
billion dollar bridge project funded only by local government
monies, and /or with regard to other duties such as collecting
information and researching data for local government or state
contracts.
Mr. David G. Bogert
January 23, 1992
Page 2
Copies of your job description and organizational chart
have been obtained from PennDOT, which documents are incorporated
herein by reference. Said documents indicate Engineering
District 3 -0 as your headquarters.
Discussion: As a Municipal Services Specialist for PennDOT, you
are to be considered a "public employee" within the definition
of that term as set forth in the Public Official and Employee
Ethics Law and the Regulations of this Commission. 65 P.S.
Section 402; 51 Pa. Code Section 1.1. This conclusion is based
upon the job description, which when reviewed on an objective
basis, indicates clearly that the power exists to take or
recommend official action of a non - ministerial nature with
respect to contracting, procurement, planning, inspecting,
administering or monitoring .grants, leasing, regulating, auditing
or other activities where the economic impact is greater than de
minimis on the interests of another person.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any
matter before the governmental body with
which he has been associated for one year
after he leaves that body.
Initially, to answer your request the governmental body with
which you have been associated while working with PennDOT must
be identified. Then, the scope of the prohibitions associated
with the concept and term of "representation" must be reviewed.
The term "governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
State government or a political subdivision
Mr. David G. Bogert
January 23, 1992
Page 3
by which the public official or employee is
or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you have been
associated upon termination of public service would be PennDOT in
its entirety, including but not limited to Engineering District
3 -0. The above is based upon the language of the Ethics Law, the
legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this Commission.
Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a
former Division Director of the Department of Public. Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant
to a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of
service with PennDOT, Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply
and restrict representation of persons or new employers vis-a-vis
PennDOT.
It is noted that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was
the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control but extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term:
We sought to make particularly clear
that when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are
dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local
government but the entire unit..."
Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
Mr. David G. Bogert
January 23, 1992
Page 4
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to
ascertain and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under
1 Pa. C.S.A. 1901, it is clear that the governmental body with
which you have been associated is PennDOT, including but not
limited to Engineering District 3 -0.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, following
departure from their governmental body. It is noted, however,
that the conflicts of interest law is primarily concerned with
financial conflicts and violations of the public trust. The
intent of the law generally is that during the term of a person's
public employment he must act consistently with the public trust
and upon departure from the public sector, that individual should
not be allowed to utilize his association with the public sector,
officials or employees to secure for himself or a new employer,
treatment or benefits that may be obtainable only because of his
association with his former governmental body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation, the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals
which are signed by or contair the name of a
former public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under
the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental
body, individual, corporation, union,
association, firm, partnership, committee,
club or other organization or group of
persons.
The Commission, in Popovich, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" ae used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
Mr. David G. Bogert
January 23, 1992
Page 5
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental
body or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are
signed or contain the name of the former public
official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shay, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission held
that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name of a
former public official /public employee on invoices submitted by
his new employer to the former governmental body, even though the
invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to
termination of public service. Therefore, within the first year
after termination of service, you should not engage in the type
of activity outlined above.
You may assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to PennDOT so long as you are not identified as the
preparer. You may also counsel any person regarding that
person's appearance before PennDOT. Once again, however, the
activity in this respect should not be revealed to PennDOT. Of
course, any ban under the ' Ethics Law would not prohibit or
preclude the making of general informational inquiries of PennDOT
to secure information which is available to the general public.
This must not be done in an effort to indirectly influence the
former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body
the representation of, or work for the new employer.
In applying the above restrictions of Section 3(g) to the
specific inquiries which you have raised, the restrictions of
Section 3(g) would apply to you upon termination of your public
employment even if you should accept employment with another
Mr. David G. Bogert
January 23, 1992
Page 6
governmental body, with a private contractor, or with some other
"person" as that term is defined in Act 9 o 1989:
Section 2. Definitions
"Person." A business, governmental
body, individual, corporation, union,
association, firm, partnership, committee,
club or other organization or group of
persons. 65 P.S. S402.
Furthermore, the Ethics Law does not limit the application
of Section 3(g) to situations involving contracts with the State.
Thus, the restrictions of Section 3(g) would apply to you no
matter what type of contract is involved.
Similarly, the restrictions of Section 3(g) would apply to
you without regard to the sources of funding for a particular
project. The Ethics Law would not restrict the types of duties
which you could perform for your new employer but would restrict
any representation of your new employer before PennDOT as your
former governmental body.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee and no public official /employee shall solicit
or accept anything of monetary value based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /employee would be influenced thereby. Reference
is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there
has been or will be any transgression thereof but merely to
provide a complete response to the question presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically
not addressed herein is the applicability of the Governor's Code
of Conduct.
Conclusion: As a Municipal Services Specialist for PennDOT, you
are to be considered a "public employee" as defined in the Ethics
Law. Upon termination of service with PennDOT, you would become
a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the Ethics
Law. The former governmental body is PennDOT, including but not
limited to Engineering District 3 -0. The restrictions as to
Mr. David G. Bogert
January 23, 1992
Page 7
representation outlined above must be followed. The propriety of
the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Law.
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above,
the Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial
Interests be filed for the year following termination of service.
Putsuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete
defense in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the
Commission, and evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil
or criminal proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts
complained of in reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
V ry truly yours,
Vincent J. Dopko,
Chief Counsel