HomeMy WebLinkAbout92-508Dante A. Cancelli, Esquire
Suite 402
United Penn Bank Building
400 Spruce Street
Scranton, PA 18503
Dear Mr. Cancelli:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 1 71 08 -1 470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 16, 1992
92 -508
Re: , Conflict, Public Official /Employee, School Director, Vote,
Negotiation Team, Negotiation Strategy Session, Contract,
Immediate Family, Child, Private Employment or Business,
Board Member of Private High School.
This responds to your letter of November 20, 1991, in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon a school director
with regard to being a part of the negotiating team and /or
participating in negotiation strategy sessions pertaining to a
new contract for all of the teachers of the district where the
school director's child is a teacher in the school district, or
with regard to serving on the school board of a private high
school.
Facts: As Solicitor for the Valley View School District you seek
the advice of the State Ethics Commission with regard to the
following specific inquiries. You ask whether a Board Member who
has a child who is a teacher in the School District, may be a
part of the negotiating team and /or participate in negotiation
strategy sessions pertaining to a new contract for all of the
teachers of the district. You further ask whether a newly
elected Board Member who is also on the school board of a private
high school must resign his board position at the private high
school.
Discussion: As a School Director for the Valley View School
District, each Board Member is a public official as that term is
Mr. Dante A. Cancelli
January 16, 1992
Page 2
defined under the Ethics Law, and hence each Board Member is
subject to the provisions of that law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as
follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict or conflict of interest." Use
by a public official or public employee of
the authority of his office or employment or
any confidential information. received through
his holding public office or employment for
the private pecuniary benefit of himself, a
member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate
family is associated. "Conflict" or
"conflict of interest" does not include an
action having a de'minimis economic impact or
which affects to the same degree a class
consisting of the general public or a
subclass consisting of an industry,
occupation or other group which includes the
public official or public employee, a member
of his immediate family or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family
is associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual power provided by law, the
exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities
unique to a particular public office or
position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse,
child, brother or sister.
Mr. Dante A. Cancelli
January 16, 1992
Page 3
"Business with which he is associated."
Any business in which the person or a member
of the person's immediate family is a
director, officer, owner, employee or has a
financial interest.
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept anything of monetary
value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action, or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Reference is made to these provisions of the
law not to imply that there has or will be any transgression
thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law provides as follows:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(j) Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of
Pennsylvania or by any law, rule, regulation,
order or ordinance, the following procedure
shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee, who in the discharge of his
official duties, would be required to vote on
a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior
to the vote being taken, publicly announce
and disclose the nature of his interest as a
public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the
minutes of the meeting at which the vote is
taken, provided that whenever a governing
body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of
members of the body required to abstain from
voting under the provisions of this section
makes the majority or other legally required
vote of approval unattainable, then such
members shall be permitted to vote if
disclosures are made as otherwise provided
herein. In the case of a three - member
governing body of a political subdivision,
where one member has abstained from voting as
a result of a conflict of interest, and the
Mr. Dante A. Cancelli
January 16, 1992
Page 4
remaining two members of the governing body
have cast opposing votes, the member who has
abstained shall be permitted to'vote to break
the tie vote if disclosure ..is made as
otherwise provided herein.
If a conflict exists, Section 3(j) requires the public
official /employee to abstain as well as file a written memorandum
to that effect with the person recording the minutes or
supervisor.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Law to your
specific inquiries, each question which you have raised will be
addressed seriatim.
The Board Member whose child is a teacher in the School
District would have a conflict of interest as to negotiating the
new contract for all of the teachers of the District. This Board
Member may not be a part of the negotiation team that will
negotiate the new contract for the teachers, nor may this Board
Member participate in negotiation strategy sessions. See,
Van Rensler, Opinion 90 -017. As to each matter for which the
conflict of interest arises, this Board Member would be required
to abstain and to meet the disclosure requirements of Section
3(j) set forth above.
This Board Member may, however, vote on the final
collective bargaining agreement, pursuant to the exclusionary
language in the definition of "conflict of interest" in Section 2
of the Ethics Law, based upon the express assumption that his
child is part of a subclass' of teachers, with the subclass
containing more than one member and with the Board Member's child
being affected exactly as all of the other members of the
subclass. Van Rensler, supra, at 3.
As for the newly elected Board Member who is also on the
school board of a private high school, the Ethics Law would not
require this Board Member to resign his board position at the
private high school, which he holds in a private capacity.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law would only apply to restrict this
School Director in his capacity as a public official.
There do not appear to be any other statutory enactments
declaring a school director ineligible for such public service
based upon service as a board member for a private high school.
Furthermore, Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law does not prohibit
public officials /employees from outside business activities or
employment; however, the public official /employee may not use the
Mr. Dante A. Cancelli
January 16, 1992
Page 5
authority of office for the advancement of his own private
pecuniary benefit or that of a business with which he is
associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89 -011. The Ethics Law would
restrict participating in discussions, reviews, or
recommendations on matters which relate to the business /private
employer which come before the governmental body. Additionally,
the Ethics Law would restrict the utilization of confidential
information gained through public position. A public
official /employee must exercise caution so that his private
business activities do not conflict with his public duties.
Crisci, Opinion 89 -013. Thus, a public official /employee could
not perform private business using governmental facilities or
personnel. In particular, the governmental telephones, postage,
staff, equipment, research materials, personnel or any other
property could not be used as a means, in whole or part, to carry
out private business activities. In addition, the public
official /employee could not during government working hours,
solicit or promote such business activity. Pancoe, supra.
In the event that the private high school would have a
matter pending before the Valley View School District or if this
particular School Director, as part of such official duties must
participate, review or pass upon such a matter, a conflict would
exist. Miller, Opinion 89 -024: In those instances, it would be
necessary that this School Director be removed from that process.
In such cases as noted above, Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law
would require not only that the School Director abstain from
participation but also publicly announce his abstention and the
reasons for same, both orally and ,in a written memorandum to
that effect filed with the person recording the minutes.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Law has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law.
Conclusion: As a School Director for the Valley View School
District, each Board Member is a public official subject to the
provisions of the Ethics Law. The Board Member whose child is a
teacher in the School District would have a conflict of interest
which would preclude him from participating in negotiation
strategy sessions and /or on the negotiation team that will
negotiate the new contract for all of the teachers of the
District. However, this Board Member may vote on the final
collective bargaining agreement based upon the assumption that
his child is a member of a subclass of teachers containing more
than one member, with the child being affected exactly as all of
Mr. Dante A. Cancelli
January 16, 1992
Page 6
the other members of the subclass. Section 3(a) of the Ethics
Law would not prohibit the newly elected School Director from
also serving on the school board of a private high school,
because Section 3(a) would only apply to restrict the School
Director in his capacity as a public official. The restrictions
of Section 3(a) noted above must be observed. In the event that
the private high school has matters pending before the School
District, then this School Director would have a conflict of
interest and could not participate in that matter. In each
instance of a conflict of interest, the disclosure requirements
of Section 3(j) of the Ethics Law as outlined above must be
satisfied. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has
only been addressed under the Ethics Law.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
such.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if yo lave any
reason to challenge same, you may request that he full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code S2.12.
Sincerely,
5 /,K(4vd
Vincent J. Dopko
Chief Counsel
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