HomeMy WebLinkAbout92-500Mr. Alan Stewart
104 Parliament Drive
Coraopolis, PA 15108
Dear Mr. Stewart:
STATE ETHICS COMMISSION
309 FINANCE BUILDING
P.O. BOX 11470
HARRISBURG, PA 17108 -1470
TELEPHONE (717) 783 -1610
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 3, 1992
92 -500
Re: Conflict, Public Official /Employee, Deputy Director of
Administration, Allegheny County Department of Aviation,
Request for Proposals, Negotiations, Position of Employment
with Successful Applicant, Former Public Employee, Section
3 (g)•
This responds to your letter of November 12, 1991 in which
you requested advice from the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Law
presents any prohibition or restrictions upon the Deputy Director
of Administration for the Allegheny County Department of
Aviation from accepting an offer of employment from an entity
which was awarded a contract with Allegheny County, where he was
part of various teams which developed the request for proposals
(RFP) and negotiated with the business entity on behalf of the
County.
Facts: You are the Deputy Director of Administration for the
Allegheny County Department of Aviation ( "Department of
Aviation "), in which position you report directly to the
Director of Aviation. You seek the advice of the State Ethics
Commission with regard to your prospective employment in the
private sector as Vice President of Finance and Administration
for BAA Air Terminals, Inc. (BAA). With your letter of inquiry,
you have submitted various documentary exhibits consisting of the
job description for your present position with the Department of
Aviation; a synopsis of the relevant dates and activities leading
up to the County's award of a contract to BAA, BAA's offer of
employment to you, and your resignation from the Department of
Aviation; and a listing of the duties which you would be
performing as Vice President of Finance and Administration for
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 2
BAA, all of which documents are incorporated herein by reference.
It is noted that the letter of inquiry and the materials
which you have submitted refer to various BAA entities which
appear to be subsidiaries. For purposes of this Advice, however,
it appearing from the facts as set forth below that your
prospective employment would be with one of the very entities
with which you dealt in an official capacity on behalf of
Allegheny County, this Advice shall simply refer to the entity as
"BAA."
Among your major duties as Deputy Director of
Administration, according to your job description, were:
coordinating and managing the planning, design, and construction
of airport facilities; directing and managing the negotiation,,
documentation and administration of leases, concession
agreements, and other Department of Aviation contracts; directing
the acquisition and management of airport properties and
facilities; and directing and managing federal and state grant
programs for airport development.
On July 12, 1990, the County Commissioners authorized the
Department of Aviation to develop an RFP for a Developer - Master
Lessee Concept for the Midfield Terminal Concession Program. You
were one of the four members of the team which developed the RFP
by August 12, 1990. Almost all of the business terms were set
forth in the RFP. As of November 1, 1990, the County had
received responses from five qualified developers, including BAA.
On November 16, 1990, the County Commissioners established a
Blue Ribbon Committee to review the proposals, through oral
presentations by each firm and comment on each firm. The Blue
Ribbon Committee consisted of six members and did not include
you. From November 28 -30, 1990, the Blue Ribbon Committee
attended oral presentations with each of the proposing entities.
On January 3, 1991, the Blue Ribbon Committee submitted a
briefing paper to the County Commissioners based upon their
review of the proposals and the oral interviews. Between
January 3 and March 22, 1991, one of the entities withdrew from
the competition. Additionally, there were discussions which are
not formally documented, and with which you had no involvement,
which seemed to narrow the proposers to two - -BAA and one other
entity. You state that based upon the projected revenue return
to the County, BAA was the stronger candidate.
On March 22, 1991, the Board of County Commissioners
selected BAA and authorized the Department of Aviation to
negotiate an agreement with BAA. Negotiations were held between
BAA and the County from April 3 through June 25, 1991. You state
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 3
that since most of the business terms were already established in
the RFP, most of the negotiations were legal in nature. The
County negotiating team consisted of three individuals and
included you.
You note that during the review of the BAA financial
proposal, some mathematical errors were discovered in BAA's
original - proposal and page 41 of the proposal was supplemented
with a corrected proposal. Furthermore, following its
submission of its original proposal, BAA re- examined the total
capital expenditures for the Midfield Project. BAA revised its
original proposal estimates, increasing the originally projected
BAA expenditure of 4.5 million dollars to a revised figure of 9
million dollars on capital expenditures, and increasing the
estimated expenditure for the subtenants from 9.5 million dollars
to a revised figure of 15.6 million dollars. You state that the
result of this revision to which the County agreed, required a
revision to the profit sharing formula contained in the proposal.
However, you state that BAA's financial proposal remained
superior to any other proposal. On June 25, 1991, the
negotiations were concluded with the exception of very minor
legal issues and some technical exhibits. On July 11, 1991, the
Board of County Commissioners awarded the contract to BAA based
upon the above negotiated terms.
Commencing in early August, there were some very preliminary
discussions held between you and Mr. Mike Bell regarding BAA's
preliminary interest in retaining you for a key financial role,
possibly as a key person in obtaining business at other major
U.S. airports. Mr. Bell indicated that further discussion would
be required with his superiors in the United Kingdom, and on
August 24, 1991, following' his further discussions, you and Mr.
Bell discussed the details of the job, salary ranges, and the
like. On September 27, 1991, Roger Kitley, CEO of BAA
International offered you a formal employment contract. You then
discussed the matter with Mr. Scott O'Donnell, Director of
Aviation, and informed him that you were interested in taking
the position. Mr. O'Donnell said that he would notify the County
Commissioners at the appropriate time.
On October 10, 1991, you accepted BAA's September 27, 1991
employment offer but stated that the new employment would
commence November 18, 1991. On November 4, 1991 you submitted a
letter of resignation to Mr. O'Donnell, Director of Aviation.
A review of the job description for your position with BAA
reveals that among your numerous duties would be the
responsibility of maintaining on -going relations with "other"
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 4
U.S. airports and airport affiliated organizations to assist in
developing new airport contracts at other U.S. airports.
Discussion: As Deputy Director of Administration for the
Allegheny County Department of Aviation (Department of Aviation),
you are a public employee as that term is defined under the
Ethics Law, and hence you are subject to the provisions of that
law.
Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law provides:
Section 3. Restricted Activities.
(a) No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that
constitutes a conflict of interest.
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Law as
follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest."
Use by a public official or public employee
of the authority of his office or employment
or any confidential information received
through his holding public office or
employment for the private pecuniary benefit
of himself, a member of his immediate family
or a business with which he or a member of
his immediate family is associated.
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest" does not
include an action having a de minimis
economic impact or which affects to the same
degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an
industry, occupation or other group which
includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or
a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual power provided by law, the
exercise of which is necessary to the
performance of duties and responsibilities
unique to a particular public office or
position of public employment.
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 5
In addition, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of the Ethics Law
provide in part that no person shall offer to a public
official /employee anything of monetary . value and no public
official /employee shall solicit or accept any thing of monetary
value, based upon the understanding that the vote, official
action,•or judgement of the public official /employee would be
influenced thereby. Thus, for example, Sections 3(b) and 3(c) of
the Ethics Lew would prohibit the offer, solicitation, or
acceptance of a position of employment based upon the
understanding that the vote, official action, or judgement of the
public official /public employee would be influenced by the
proffered employment. This Advice is expressly conditioned upon
the assumption that there are no such understandings in this
case which would violate Sections 3(b) and /or 3(c) of the Ethics
Law.
Under Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law quoted above, a public
employee may not use the authority of public office /employment or
confidential information to obtain, a private pecuniary benefit
for himself, a member of his immediate family, or a business with
which he or a member of his immediate family is associated. In
applying Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law to the profferred facts,
Section 3(a) would prohibit you from using the status of your
public employment or your activities to advance an opportunity of
private employment with BAA. See, Wall, Advice 90 -567. It is
expressly assumed for purposes of this Advice that you have not
taken .any such action. In addition, you could not use the
authority of your public' employment, or any confidential
information received by being in your position of public
employment, either as a means of obtaining or advancing an
opportunity of private employment with BAA, or as a means of
attempting to eliminate any potential competitors who would be
competing with you for the position with BAA. See, Wall, supra
(Citing Pepper, Opinion 87 -008).
One example of a prohibited use of authority of public
office /employment to obtain a private pecuniary benefit of
prospective employment would be to structure the development of
the RFP or to conduct the negotiations with BAA so as to favor
BAA. The facts which you have submitted do not reveal such
conduct by you. However, in the context of a request for an
advice /opinion, there is no independent investigation of the
facts by this Commission such as would be performed in the
context of a complaint filed with this Commission. To the
contrary, the advice /opinion process requires that the Commission
issue the advice /opinion assuming the submitted facts to be true.
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 6
It is because of this reliance upon the inquirer for the
facts that advices must frequently have stated conditions set
forth within them. Conditions upon which this Advice is based
include, therefore, the conditions that you did not use your
public employment status or activities, the authority of your
public employment or any confidential information received by
holding your position of public employment to obtain or advance
an opportunity for employment with BAA and /or to eliminate
competition for such a position.
Subject to all of the qualifications noted above, Section
3(a) of the Ethics Law would not preclude you from accepting the
position with BAA.
For purposes of providing a complete response• to your
inquiry, you are advised that if you do terminate your employment
with Allegheny County and accept the position with BAA, you will
become a former public employee subject to the restrictions of
Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would
become a "former public employee" subject to Section 3(g) of the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Law. Section 3(g) of the
Ethics Act provides that:
Section 3. Restricted activities.
(g) No former public official or public
employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any
matter before the governmental body with
which he has - been associated for one year
after he leaves that body.
To fully answer your request the governmental body with
which you were associated while working with the Allegheny County
Department of Aviation must be identified. Then, the scope of
the prohibitions associated with the concept and term of
"representation" must be reviewed.
The term governmental body with which a public official or
public employee is or has been associated" is defined under the
Ethics Law as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.,
"Governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been
associated." The governmental body within
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 7
State government or a political subdivision
by which the public official or employee is
or has been employed or to which the public
official or employee is or has been appointed
or elected and subdivisions and offices
within that governmental body.
In applying the above definition to the instant matter, we
must conclude that the governmental body with which you were
associated upon termination of public service would be the
Allegheny County Department of Aviation in its entirety. The
above is based.. .upon the language of the. Ethics Law, the
legislative intent (Legislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291) and the prior precedent of this Commission.
Thus, in Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006, the Commission found that a
former Division Director of the Department of Public Welfare
(DPW) was not merely restricted to the particular Division as was
contended but was in fact restricted to all of DPW regarding the
one year representation restriction. Similarly in Sharp, Opinion
90- 009 -R, it was determined that a former legislative assistant
to a state senator was not merely restricted to that particular
senator but to the entire Senate as his former governmental body.
Therefore, within the first year after termination of
service with the Allegheny County Department of Aviation, Section
3(g) of the Ethics Law would apply and restrict representation of
persons or new employers vis -a -vis_ the Allegheny County
Department of Aviation.
It is noted-that Act 9 of 1989 significantly broadened the
definition of the term "governmental body . with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated." It was
the specific intent of the General Assembly to define the above
term so that it was not merely limited to the area where a public
official /employee had influence or control but extended to the
entire governmental body with which the public official /employee
was associated. The foregoing intent is reflected in the
legislative debate relative to the amendatory language for the
above term:
We sought to make particularly clear
that when we are prohibiting for 1 year that
revolving -door kind of conduct, we are
dealing not only with a particular
subdivision of an agency or a local
government but the entire unit..."
Leaislative Journal of House, 1989 Session,
No. 15 at 290, 291.
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 8
Therefore, since the Ethics Law must be construed to
ascertain and effectuate the intent of the General Assembly under
1 Pa. C.S.A. 1901, it is clear that the governmental body with
which you were associated is the Allegheny County Department of
Aviation.
Turning now to the scope of the restrictions under Section
3(g), the Ethics Law does not affect one's ability to appear
before agencies or entities other than with respect to the former
governmental body. Likewise, there is no general limitation on
the type of employment in which a person may engage, subject to
the restrictions of Sections 3(a) through 3(c) noted above,
following departure from their governmental body. It is noted,
however, that the, conflicts of interest law is primarily
concerned with financial conflicts and violations of the public
trust. The intent of the law generally is that during the term
of a person's public employment he must act consistently with the
public trust and upon departure from the public sector, that
individual should not be allowed to utilize his association with
the public sector, officials or employees to secure for himself
or a new employer, treatment or benefits that may be obtainable
only because of his association with his former governmental
body.
In respect to the one year restriction against such
"representation," the Ethics Law defines "Represent" as follows:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Represent." To 'act on behalf of any
other person in any activity which includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying
and submitting bid or contract proposals
which are signed by or contain the name of a
former public official or public employee.
In addition, the term "Person" is defined as follows under
the Ethics Law:
Section 2. Definitions.
"Person." A business, governmental
body, individual, corporation, union,
association, firm, partnership, committee,
club or other organization or group of
persons.
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 9
The Commission, in f000vick, Opinion 89 -005, has also
interpreted the term "representation" as used in Section 3(g) of
the Ethics Law to prohibit:
1. Personal appearances before the former governmental
body or bodies, including, but not limited to, negotiations or
renegotiations in general or as to contracts;
2. Attempts to influence;
3. Submission of bid or contract proposals which are
signed or contain the name of the former public
official /employee;
4. Participating in any matters before the former
governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person;
5. Lobbying, that is representing the interests of any
person or employer before the former governmental body in
relation to legislation, regulations, etc.
The Commission has also held that listing one's name as the
person who will provide technical assistance on such proposal,
document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former
governmental body constitutes an attempt to influence the former
governmental body. In Shall, Opinion 91 -012, the Commission
held that Section 3(g) would prohibit the inclusion of the name
of a former public official /public employee on invoices submitted
by his new employer to the former governmental body, even though
the invoices pertained to a contract which existed prior to
termination of public service. Therefore,'within the first year
after termination of service, you should not engage in the type
of activity outlined above.
You may, assist in the preparation of any documents
presented to the Department of Aviation so long as you are not
identified as the preparer. You may also counsel any person
regarding that person's appearance before the Department of
Aviation. Once again, however, the activity in this respect
should not be revealed to the Department of Aviation. Of course,
any ban under the Ethics Law would not prohibit or preclude the
making of general informational inquiries of the Department of
Aviation to secure information which is available to the general
public. This must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known
to that body the representation of, or work for the new employer.
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 10
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been
addressed under the Ethics Law; the applicability of any other
statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of conduct
other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do
not involve an interpretation of the Ethics Law. Specifically
not addressed herein is the applicability of the County Code.
Conclusion: As Deputy Director of Administration for the
Allegheny County Department of Aviation, you are a public
employee subject to the provisions of the Ethic Law. Subject to
the qualifications noted above, Section 3(a) of the Ethics Law
would not restrict you from accepting a position with BAA which
was offered to you after you completed your involvement on
behalf of Allegheny County in the development of an RFP,
negotiations, and contract with. BAA. This Advice is expressly
conditioned upon the assumptions that there are no understandings
in this case which would violate Sections 3(b) and /or 3(c) of the
Ethics Law, and that you did not use your public employment
status or activities, the authority of your public employment or
any confidential information received by being in your position
to obtain or advance an opportunity for employment with BAA
and /or to eliminate competition for such a position. Should you
terminate your service with the Allegheny County Department of
Aviation, you would become a "former public employee" subject to
Section 3(g) of the Ethics Law. You must comply with the
restrictions of Section 3(g) as a former public employee, as
those restrictions have been outlined above. Your former
governmental body would be the Allegheny County Department of
Aviation in its entirety. The propriety of the proposed conduct
has only been addressed under the Ethics Law. -
Further, should service be terminated, as outlined above,
the Ethics Law also requires that a Statement of Financial
Interests be filed for the year following termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 7(11), this Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and
evidence of good faith conduct in any other civil or criminal
proceeding, providing the requestor has disclosed truthfully all
the material facts and committed the acts complained of in
reliance on the Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as
such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may request that the full
Commission review this Advice. A personal appearance before the
Commission will be scheduled and a formal Opinion from the
Mr. Alan Stewart
January 3, 1992
Page 11
Commission will be issued. Any such appeal must be in writing
and must be received at the Commission within 15 days of the date
of this Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 52.12.
VJD /sak
S ncerely,
Vincent J. ' bo pko
Chief Counsel